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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The main hormone involved in the regulation of body fluid osmolality
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Vasopressin (ADH)
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Which is more selective for V2 - vasopressin or desmopressin
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Desmopressin - also longer acting
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Use this drug for Primary nocturnal enuresis
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Desmopressin
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Use this drug for Advanced Cardiac Life Support and Vasodilatory shock
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Vasopressin
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Use this for immediate help with Hemophilia A or Type I von Willebrand's disease
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Desmopressin - increases circulating levels of Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor
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Can use with Central (not Nephrogenic) diabetes insipidus
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Desmopressin
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Adverse reactions (V1) for Vasopressin
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Facial pallor, transient headache, nausea, abdominal cramps, hypertension, coronary vasospasm and ischemia
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First choice for uncomplicated cystitis
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Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
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Can use Sulfonamides as a single agent with this
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Nocardiosis
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Use Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim with
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UTIs and Toxoplasmosis
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Competes with PABA for dihydropteroate synthetase
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Sulfonamides
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Why do bacteria need p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
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Essential for folate production in bacteria - needed for nucleic acid synthesis
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Resistance to Sulfonamides
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Overproduction of PABA, lower affinity of enzyme for drug, decreased entry of drug into bacteria
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Drug-drug interactions with Sulfonamides
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Oral anticoagulants, Sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, Hydrantoin anticonvulsants
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Adverse effects of Sulfonamides
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Urinary tract disturbances, Hematopoietic disturbances, aplastic anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, Kernicterus
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Sulfonamides can form crystals in the urine - use this to prevent
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Sodium bicarbonate (alkalinize urine)
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Why you get acute hemolytic anemia with Sulfonamides
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You have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
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In rare cases, usage of this drug can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Sulfonamides
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Free bilirubin deposits in basal ganglia and subthalamic nuclei of the brain
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Kernicterus (adverse effect of Sulfonamides)
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Competitive inhibitor of dihyrofolate reductase (DHFR)
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Trimethoprim
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Adverse effects of Trimethoprim
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GI, dermatologic reactions, folate deficiency impacting bone marrow
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Bactrim
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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
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DOC for Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia
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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
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Clinical uses of Bactrim
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UTIs, Prostatitis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, enterocolitis, traveler's diarrhea, otitis media, respiratory tract infections
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Only drug class in clinical use that directly inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
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Fluroquinolones
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How to Fluroquinolones work
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They block bacterial DNA synthesis - inhibits DNA gyrase
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Post inhalation exposure to anthrax
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Ciprofloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone to use against Pseudomonas
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Ciprofloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone that has expanded Gram + activity to include Streptococcal pneumoniae
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Levofloxacin
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Similar spectrum as levofloxacin but includes E. faecalis and anaerobes
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Moxifloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone metabolized in the liver - thus not good for UTIs
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Moxifloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone with low serum levels - limited to UTIs
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Norfloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone adverse effects
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Nausea/Vomiting (most common), CNS, Achilles tendon rupture or tendinitis, may damage growing cartilage, QTc prolongation
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Urinary Antiseptic that forms highly reactive species that damages DNA
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Nitrofurantoin
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Adverse effects of Nitrofurantoin
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NVD, Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia in G6PD, acute pneumonitis, urine turns brown
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