Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Nephrotic syndrome presenting symptoms
|
Massive Proteinuria (frothy urine) >3g/day, Edema, Hyperlipidemia.
|
|
|
Nephritic Syndrome Presenting Symptoms:
|
Red Blood Cell Casts in Urine, Hematuria, Proteinuria <3g/day, azotemia
|
|
|
Findings with each type of Nephritic Syndrome:
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis --> Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis --> Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis --> IgA Nephropathy (Berger's Disease) --> Alport's Syndrome--> |
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis --> Post Beta-hemolytic strep infection. SubEPIthelial Immune Complex Deposition. Granular IF. Complexes are IgG and C3.
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis: 3 Causes, all Vasculititides (Wegener's, Goodpasture's, and microscopic polyangiitis). All cause vascular damage leading to fibrin deposition, causing a crescent. Weg - c-ANCA + Granulomas. ELK Goodpast: anti-GBM Ab. Pulm/Renal syndrome Micropoly: p-ANCA & no granulomas. Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis: Subendothelial deposits caused by DNA-AntiDNA Ab immune complexes. Ass'd with Lupus. #1 cause of Death in SLE. IgA Nephropathy: Post URI --> Inc. IgA production --> leaks out into kidneys and deposits in mesangium Alport's Syndrome: Defect in Type IV Collagen synthesis --> abnormal findings in eyes, ears, and kidneys. |
|
|
Findings Ass'd with Nephrotic Syndromes:
Membranous Glomerulopathy --> Minimal Change Disease --> Amyloidosis --> Diabetic Glomerulopathy --> Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis --> Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis --> |
Membranous Glomerulopathy --> most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. SLE ass'd nephrotic syndrome. Dome & spike appearance on EM. Granular IF. Thick capillaries and GBM.
Minimal Change Disease: Post infectious nephrotic syndrome in kids. No changes except for effacement of podocyte foot processes (common theme in nephrotic syndromes) Amyloidosis - apple-green birefringence with Congo Red staining. Found in disorders such as Multiple myeloma. Can also be found in chronic dzs such as TB and RA. Diabetic Glomerulopathy --> Non-enzymatic glycosylation of glomerular capillaries --> thickening and inc. permeability. Increased permeability --> inc. GFR and mesangial damage. "wire-loop lesions" Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - Associated with HIV, worse in HIV patients. areas of sclerosis and thickening. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis - Subendothelial ICs with granular IF. Tram Track appearance due to GBM splitting. |
