Renal - Pathology

Front 1

ureter crosses anterior to the origin of what artery to enter the pelvis?

Back 1

external iliac

Front 2

ovoid, PAS-positive hyaline masses

Back 2

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule - most specific lesion of diabetic glomerulosclerosis

Front 3

nephrotic syndrome in IV drug user or HIV nephropathy

Back 3

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 4

renal pathology associated with DIC?

Back 4

diffuse cortical necrosis

Front 5

Potter's syndrome?

Back 5

bilateral renal agenesis - oligohydraminos, limb & facial deformities,pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 6

cause of Potter's syndrome?

Back 6

malformation of ureteric bud

Front 7

why do kidneys stay low in abdomen in horseshoe kidney?

Back 7

get trapped under IMA

Front 8

RBC casts in urine

Back 8

glomerular inflammation (nephritic syndromes), ischemia, or malignant hypertension

Front 9

WBC casts in urine

Back 9

tubulointerstitial disease, acute pyelonephritis, glomerular disorders

Front 10

granular casts in urine

Back 10

acute tubular necrosis

Front 11

waxy casts in urine

Back 11

advanced renal disease/CRF

Front 12

hyaline casts in urine

Back 12

nonspecific

Front 13

LM: glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular, neutrophils, lumpy-bumpy; EM: subepithelial humps; IF: granular pattern

Back 13

acute postreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 14

LM and IF: crescent moon shape

Back 14

rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

Front 15

finding on immunofluorescence in Goodpasture's?

Back 15

linear pattern

Front 16

IF and EM findings in Berger's disease?

Back 16

mesangial IgA deposits

Front 17

split basement membrane

Back 17

Alport's syndrome

Front 18

mutation in Alport's? characteristic findings?

Back 18

collagen IV; nerve deafness and ocular disorders

Front 19

hematuria, hypertension, oliguria, azotemia

Back 19

nephritic syndrome

Front 20

findings in nephrotic syndrome

Back 20

massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, peripheral and periorbital edema, hyperlipidemia

Front 21

LM: diffuse capillary and BM thickening; IF: granular pattern; EM: spike and dome

Back 21

membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 22

findings in minimal change disease/lipoid nephrosis?

Back 22

LM: normal glomeruli; EM: foot process effacement

Front 23

LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

Back 23

focal segmental glomerular sclerosis - most severe disease in HIV patients

Front 24

findings in diabetic nephropathy

Back 24

LM: Kimmelstiel-Wilson 'wire loop' lesions, basement membrane thickening

Front 25

findings in membranous glomeruloneprhitis in SLE

Back 25

wire-loop lesion with subendothelial deposits

Front 26

most common type of kidney stones?

Back 26

calciium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or both

Front 27

second most common type of kidney stone; can form staghorn calculi that can be nidus for UTIs

Back 27

ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite)

Front 28

infection with what type of organism leads to struvite kidney stones?

Back 28

urease-positive bugs - proteus vlugaris, staph, klebsiella

Front 29

kidney stones often seen as a result of diseases with increased cell turnover, such as leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders

Back 29

uric acid

Front 30

types of radiolucent kidney stones?

Back 30

uric acid and cystine

Front 31

gene association with renal cell carcinoma?

Back 31

deletion of VHL gene on chromosome 3

Front 32

where does renal cell carcinoma originate?

Back 32

renal tubule cells (polygonal clear cells)

Front 33

renal cell carcinoma is associated with what syndromes?

Back 33

paraneoplastic (ectopic EPO, ACTH, PTHrP, and prolactin)

Front 34

gene association with Wilm's tumor?

Back 34

deletion of tumor suppressor WT1 on chromosome 11

Front 35

WAGR complex?

Back 35

Wilm's tumor, Aniridia, genitourinary malformation, and mental-motor retardation

Front 36

most common tumor of the urinary tract system?

Back 36

transitional cell carcinoma

Front 37

transitional cell carcinoma is associated with what?

Back 37

problems in your Pee SAC:
phenacetin, smoking, analine dyes, and cyclophosphamide

Front 38

white cell casts in urine are pathognomonic for what?

Back 38

acute pyelonephritis

Front 39

chronic pyelonephritis?

Back 39

coarse, asymmetric corticomedullary scarring; tubules can contain eosinophilic casts (thyroidization of the kidney)

Front 40

most common cause of acute renal failure?

Back 40

acute tubular necrosis

Front 41

what is acute tubular necrosis associated with?

Back 41

renal ischemia (e.g. shock), crush injury (myoglobinuria), toxins

Front 42

when does death most often occur in ATN?

Back 42

during initial oliguric stage

Front 43

what is renal papillary necrosis associated with?

Back 43

diabetes, acute pyelonephritis, chronic phenacitin use

Front 44

what is uremia?

Back 44

clinical syndrome marked by increased BUN and creatinine and associated symptoms

Front 45

metabolic disturbance seen in renal failure?

Back 45

metabolic acidosis due to decreased acid secretion and decreased HCO3- generation

Front 46

low serum chloride concentration is secodary to what?

Back 46

metabolic alkalosis

Front 47

high serum chloride concentration is secondary to what?

Back 47

non-anion gap acidosis

Front 48

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Back 48

membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 49

how does renal cell carcinoma typically present?

Back 49

as a mass or hematuria

Front 50

loop diuretic indicated for the treatment of edema associated with CHF, cirrhosis, and renal disease?

Back 50

furosemide

Front 51

two principal causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

Back 51

anti-glomerular basement membrane and primary systemic vasculitis

Front 52

drugs implicated in the pathogenesis of acute interstitial nephritis?

Back 52

NSAIDs, beta-lactam antibiotics (cepalothin & methicillin), sulfonamides, diuretics (furosemide and thiazides), phenytoin, cimetidine, methyldopa

Front 53

EM: subendothelial humps, tram-track

Back 53

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis