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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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NephrOtic
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Minimal change disease
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NephrOtic
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Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis
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NephrOtic
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Diabetic nephropathy
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NephrOtic
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SLE
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NephrOtic
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Amylidosis
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NephrOtic
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Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Nephritic
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Rapidly progressive (crescenteric) glomerulonephritis
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Nephritic
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Goodpasture's Syndrome
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Nephritic
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Nephritic
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's Disease)
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Nephritic
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Alport's Syndrome
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Nephritic
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LM: glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular, neutrophils, "lumpy-bumpy."
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Acute poststrep glomerulonephritis
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EM: subepithelial humps
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Acute poststrep glomerulnephritis
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IF: granular pattern
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Acute poststrep glomerulonephritis
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LM and IF: crescent moon shape
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Rapidly progressive (crescenteric glomerulnephritis)
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IF: Linear pattern, Anti-GBM antibodies
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Goodpasture's Syndrome
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EM: subdenothelial humps, "tram track"
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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IF and EM; mesangial deposits
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
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Split basement membrane
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Alports Syndrome
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Most frequently seen in children. Peripheral and periorbital edema. Resolves spontaneously.
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Acute poststrep glomerulonephritis.
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Rapid course to renal failure. Number of crescents indicates prognosis.
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Rapidly progressive (crescenteric) glomerulonephritis.
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Hemoptysis, hematuria
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Goodpasture's Syndrome
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Slowly progresses to renal failure.
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Mild disease. Often postinfectious.
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's Disease)
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Collagen IV mutation. Nerve deafness and ocular disorders.
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Alport's Syndrome
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Diffuse capillary and basement membrane thickening. IF: granular pattern.
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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EM: "spike and dome"
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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LM: normal glomeruli. EM: foot processes effacement
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Minimal change disease
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LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
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Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis
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LM: Kimmelstiel-Wilson "wire-loop" lesions, basement membrane thickening.
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Diabetic nephropathy
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LM: In membranous glomerulonephritis pattern, wire-loop lesion with subepithelial deposits.
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SLE
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IF: Congo red stain, apple green birefringence
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Amyloidosis
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Most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome.
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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Most common cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Responds well to steroids.
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Minimal change disease
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More severe disease in HIV patients.
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Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis.
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Associated with multiple myeloma, chronic conditions, TB, rheumatic arthritis
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Amyloidosis
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What are the 4 types of kidney stones?
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Ca
Ammonium magnesium phosphate Uric Acid Cystein |
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What is the only radiolucent stone?
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Uric Acid
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What stones form staghorn calculi that can be nidus for UTI's?
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Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate
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What stones are worsened by alkaluria?
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Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate
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What type of stones are often seen as a result of diseases with increased cell turnover, such as leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders?
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Uric acid
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What stones are worsened by aciduria?
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Uric acid
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What is associated with von Hippel-Lindau and gene deletion in chromosome 3.
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Renal cell carcinoma
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What has polygonal clear cells?
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Renal cell carcinoma
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What is the WAGR complex?
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Wilms Tumor
Aniridia Genitourinary Malformation Mental-motor Retardation |
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What is the suggestion of bladder cancer?
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Painless hematuria.
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Deletion of tumor suppression gene WT1 on chromosome 11?
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Wilms Tumor
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What is bladder cancer associated with?
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Pee SACS
Phenacetin Smoking Aniline Dyes Cyclophosphamide Schistosomiasis |
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White cell casts in urine are pathopnomonic for what?
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Pyelonephritis
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Acute generalized infarction of cortices of both kidneys. Likely due to a combination of vasospasm and DIC.
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Diffuse cortical necrosis.
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Acute interstitial renal inflammation. Fever, rash, eosinophilia, hematuria 2 weeks after administration.
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Drug induced interstitial nephritis.
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Loss of cell polarity, epithelial cell detachment, necrosis, granular casts. Three stages: inciting event-->maintenance (low urine)-->recovery.
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Acute Tubular Necrosis
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Autosomal dominant mutation in adults.
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APKD1
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Associated with polycystic liver disease, berry aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse.
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APKD
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Autosomal recessive.
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Infantile polycystic kidney disease.
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Associated with hepatic cysts and fibrosis.
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Infantile polycystic kidney disease.
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Cortical and medullary cysts resulting from long-standing dialysis.
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Dialysis cysts
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Benign, incidental finding. Cortex only.
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Simple cysts.
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Medullary cysts. U/S shows small kidney. Poor prognosis.
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Medullar cystic disease
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Collecting duct cysts. Good prognosis.
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Medullary sponge disease
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Disorientation, stupor, coma
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Na+
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Secondary to metabolic alkalosis
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Cl-
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U waves on ECG, flattened T waves, arrhythmias, paralysis
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K+
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Tetany, NM irritability
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Ca2+
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Neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmias
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Mg2+
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Low-mineral ion product causes bone loss
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PO42-
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Neurologic: irritability, delirium, coma
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Na+
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Secondary to non-anion gap acidosis
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Cl-
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Peaked T waves, arrhythmias
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K+
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Delirium, renal stones, abdominal pain
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Ca2+
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Delirium, decreased DTRs, cardiopulmonary arrest
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Mg2+
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High-mineral ion product causes metastatic calcification, renal stones
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PO43-
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