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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
As discussed in class, the function of the urinary system is
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The function of the urinary system is To regulate the VOLUME, COMPOSITION and pH of body fluids .
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Renal blood flow is what percent of cardiac output?
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The kidneys get 20% of the cardiac output
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What is the blood flow to the kidneys in 24 hours?
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Nearly 1,500 liters/day
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What is the functional unit of the kidney?
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The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron
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The efferent arteriole leads to …?
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The capillary net around the nephron
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What makes up the "strainer" that forms the filtrate in the renal corpuscle?
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The glomerular capillary, the basement membrane, the podocytes (the visceral layer of Bowman's Capsule)
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What is NOT filtered into the glomerular filtrate? (does NOT enter the nephron)
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None of the formed elements, no protein (albumin, fibrinogen, etc.)
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What IS filtered into the Glomerular filtrate? (DOES enter the nephron)
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Na+, K+, other ions, glucose, amino acids, etc.
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Name the forces that operate in the renal corpuscle to move fluid out of the glomerulus.
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The hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (the blood pressure) pushes fluid out, colloid osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure inside Bowman's capsule move fluid back into the glomerulus
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Of the three forces that operate in the renal corpuscle to move fluid which one can be adjusted by the body?
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The hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (the blood pressure) is the determining factor in setting the GFR
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what is the formula to calculate filtration pressure?
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Pcapillary - COP - Pbowman
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In the kidney, what does autoregulation regulate?
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Autoregulation keeps the hydrostatic pressure in the capillary constant, and therefore the GFR
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What is the GFR?
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The glomerular filtration rate is the amount of fluid that enters all the nephrons in one minute
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What is a normal GFR?
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For a 70 kg male, it would be about 125 mL per minute
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What two vessels control the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?
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The AFFerent arteriole and the EFFerent arteriole
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What change in the afferent arteriole would increase the GFR?
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Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole would increase the GFR
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What change in the afferent arteriole would decrease the GFR?
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Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterial would decrease the GFR
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What change in the efferent arteriole would increase the GFR?
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Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole would increase the GFR
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What change in the efferent arteriole would decrease the GFR?
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Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole would decrease the GFR
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What monitors the GFR in the distal convoluted tubule?
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The macula densa monitors flow in the distal convoluted tubule.
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What effect does angiotensin have on blood vessels?
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Angiotensin is a vasoconstrictor
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Angiotensin increases the GFR. Where would you expect the most angiotensin receptor is to be found?
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To increase the GFR, angiotensin would operate primarily on the efferent arteriole
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus sends a direct signal to vasodilate an arteriole to increase the GFR . Whice arteriole does it operate on?
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The afferent arteriole
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus does what if the flow in the nephron is too low?
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Directs the afferent arteriole to dilate , releases renin so angiotensin can cause vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
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