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24 Cards in this Set

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As discussed in class, the function of the urinary system is
The function of the urinary system is To regulate the VOLUME, COMPOSITION and pH of body fluids .
Renal blood flow is what percent of cardiac output?
The kidneys get 20% of the cardiac output
What is the blood flow to the kidneys in 24 hours?
Nearly 1,500 liters/day
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron
The efferent arteriole leads to …?
The capillary net around the nephron
What makes up the "strainer" that forms the filtrate in the renal corpuscle?
The glomerular capillary, the basement membrane, the podocytes (the visceral layer of Bowman's Capsule)
What is NOT filtered into the glomerular filtrate? (does NOT enter the nephron)
None of the formed elements, no protein (albumin, fibrinogen, etc.)
What IS filtered into the Glomerular filtrate? (DOES enter the nephron)
Na+, K+, other ions, glucose, amino acids, etc.
Name the forces that operate in the renal corpuscle to move fluid out of the glomerulus.
The hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (the blood pressure) pushes fluid out, colloid osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure inside Bowman's capsule move fluid back into the glomerulus
Of the three forces that operate in the renal corpuscle to move fluid which one can be adjusted by the body?
The hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (the blood pressure) is the determining factor in setting the GFR
what is the formula to calculate filtration pressure?
Pcapillary - COP - Pbowman
In the kidney, what does autoregulation regulate?
Autoregulation keeps the hydrostatic pressure in the capillary constant, and therefore the GFR
What is the GFR?
The glomerular filtration rate is the amount of fluid that enters all the nephrons in one minute
What is a normal GFR?
For a 70 kg male, it would be about 125 mL per minute
What two vessels control the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?
The AFFerent arteriole and the EFFerent arteriole
What change in the afferent arteriole would increase the GFR?
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole would increase the GFR
What change in the afferent arteriole would decrease the GFR?
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterial would decrease the GFR
What change in the efferent arteriole would increase the GFR?
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole would increase the GFR
What change in the efferent arteriole would decrease the GFR?
Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole would decrease the GFR
What monitors the GFR in the distal convoluted tubule?
The macula densa monitors flow in the distal convoluted tubule.
What effect does angiotensin have on blood vessels?
Angiotensin is a vasoconstrictor
Angiotensin increases the GFR. Where would you expect the most angiotensin receptor is to be found?
To increase the GFR, angiotensin would operate primarily on the efferent arteriole
The juxtaglomerular apparatus sends a direct signal to vasodilate an arteriole to increase the GFR . Whice arteriole does it operate on?
The afferent arteriole
The juxtaglomerular apparatus does what if the flow in the nephron is too low?
Directs the afferent arteriole to dilate , releases renin so angiotensin can cause vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole