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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cause of malaria?
What life stage gets ingested? Sporozoites develop into _______, which release merozoites. What stage invades RBC's? |
Plasmodium species - falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae
sporozoites schizonts merozoites |
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Fever and chills corresponds with ________.
P. falciparum: release merozoites _______. cerebral malaria: only with with species? Which one has renal complications? (ARF) |
erythrocyte rupture, toxic parasite metabolites
daily release P. falciparum P. falciparum |
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2 diagnostic tests for malaria?
treatment for malaria outside Africa? In Africa? Severe malaria? |
Giemsa-stain blood smears
Quant. Buffy Coat test outside Africa: chloroquine + primaquine in Africa: artemether, artesunate, lumefantrine, mefloquine rectal artesunate, artemether, quinine IM |
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Sporozoans, animal parasites only, on N.E. coast of US:
animal reservoir? definite host? Only human-human transmission? How to tell Plasmodium and Babesia apart? Tx? |
Babesia microti
white footed mice deer tick blood transfusion PCR Clinda + quinine, or atovaquone + Azi |
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Causes West and East African sleeping sickness:
insect vector? Disease is characterized by waves of parasitemia from _________. |
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (West) (Gambia is W)
T. brucei rhodesiense (East) (Rhodesia is E) tsetse fly parasite changes its VSG to evade immune system |
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T. cruzi infection:
Primarily affects what system? Kidney effects? Treatment? What new drug is in trials for W African? Rx for E African? DOC for late disease? |
CNS - encephalitis, HA, abnormal behavior
kidney - nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria Pentamidine isothionate (IND) - W African Suramin - East African Melarsoprol - DOC for late disease |
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Vector is sandflies, rural reservoirs are dogs, rodents, urban ones are humans:
Only form to cause renal disease? Kala azar associated with circulating __________, high ____, high titers of _____ and ______. kidney changes? |
Leishmania
Kala Azar - visceral leishmaniasis circularing immune complexes, high IGG, high titers of RF and cryoglobulin GN w/ tubular necrosis, inflammation |
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DOC for leishmaniasis?
What do you use if antimony therapy doesn't work? |
antimony compounds, Sodium stibogluconate, meglumine antimoniate
Amphothericin B, Allopurinol |
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Reservoir is cats, infects most warm-blooded animals, tissue cysts infect epithelial cells, humans get it by eating undercooked meat or fecal-oral:
Which infections are particularly severe? Which patients can get encephalitis from cerebral toxoplasmosis? Kidney changes? |
Toxoplasmosis
intrauterine AIDS patients nephritic, nephrotic syndromes, GN |
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DOC for toxoplasmosis?
DOC for pregnant pt with toxoplasmosis? Can cause non-specific urethritis; greenish/whitish discharge from penis/vagina: DOC for trichomonas? |
pyrimethamine, sulfadiazene, clindamycin can be added
spiramycin Trichomoniasis DOC = metronidazole |
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3 major geographic species, reside in mesenteric venules, miracidia --> infect snails --> cercariae, penetrate humans:
DOC for Schistosoma? Which species primarily affects the urinary system? |
Schistosoma (mansoni, hematobium, japonicum)
Praziquantel S. hematobium |
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DOC for filarial worms? (Loa Loa, W. bancrofti, Onchocerca)
Forms hyatid cysts in liver, lungs, brain, heart: DOC? |
Ivermectin
Echinococcus albendazole |
