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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RBC casts indicate
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Glomerulonephritis, ischemia, malignant HTN
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WB casts indicate
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Tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection
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Fatty casts ("oval fat bodies") indicate
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Nephrotic syndrome
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Granular ("muddy brown") casts indicate
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Acute tubular necrosis
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Waxy casts indicate
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Advance renal disease/CKD
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Nephrotic diseases
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Minimal change disease
Membranous nephropathy Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Diabetic glomerulonephropathy Amyloidosis |
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Nephritic diseases
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's)
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Alport syndrome |
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Nephrotic and nephritic diseases
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Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis |
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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Nephrotic
Partial glomerular sclerosis, hyalinosis Effacement of foot processes |
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Most common type of nephrotic syndrome in adults and kids
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Adults: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Kids: minimal change |
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis risk factors
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HIV, heroin use, massive obesity, interferon treatment, chronic kidney disease
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Nephrotic syndrome general symptoms
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Massive proteinuria
Peripheral edema Hyperlipidemia Thromboembolic state Increased risk of infections |
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Membranous nephropathy LM, IF, EM appearance
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Nephrotic
LM: diffuse capillary and GBM thickening, capsular space visible IF: granular EM: "spike and dome" subEPIthelial deposits |
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SLE's nephrotic & nephritic syndrome type
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Nephrotic: Membranous nephropathy
Nephritic: diffuse proliferative GN (DPGN) |
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Membranous nephropathy risk factors
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Drugs, infections, SLE, solid tumours, or idiopathic
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Minimal change disease LM, IF, EM appearance
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Nephrotic
LM: no change IF: no change EM: foot process effacement - polyanion loss, selective albumin loss |
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Minimal change disease features
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Selective albumin loss
Triggered by infection/immune stimulus Most common in children Responds to steroids |
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Amyloidosis stain + associations
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Nephrotic
Congo red stain appears APPLE-GREEN birefringence under polarized light Associated with chronic conditions (eg. TB, RA) |
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis - Type I appearance + association
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Nephrotic
LM: "tram-tracking" GM splitting IF: granular EM: subENDOthelial IC deposits Associated with HBV, HCV |
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Membranoproliferative GN - Type II appearance + association
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Nephrotic
Intramembranous IC deposits, "dense deposits" Associated with C3 nephrotic factor (alternative pthwy) |
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Diabetic glomerulonephropathy pathophys
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Nephrotic
Non-enzymatic glycosylation of GBM, efferent arteriole GBM, arteriolar thickening |
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Diabetic glomerulonephropathy LM appearance
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Mesangial expansion, GBM thickening, Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion (eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis)
Hyaline efferent arteriolosclerosis |
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Nephritic syndrome general symptoms
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Hematuria
RBC casts Azotemia Oliguria Hypertension Proteinuria < 3.5 g/day |
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Acute poststrep glomerulonephritis LM, IF, EM characteristics
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Nephritic
LM: "lumpy-bumpy" enlarged glomeruli + neurtrophils IF: IgG, IgM, C3 deposits EM: subEPIthelial IC humps |
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Acute poststrep glomerulonephritis treatment
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Self-limiting
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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) appearance + prognosis
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Nephritic
*Crescent-shaped* lesion in glom - fibrin, C3b, macrophages, parietal cells Poor prognosis |
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Diseases associated with RPGN
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Goodpasture's syndrome (GBM + alveolar BM antibodies)
Wegener's granulomatosis Microscopic polyangiitis |
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IF appearance in Goodpasture's
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Linear IF deposits
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Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) LM, IF, EM appearance
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Nephritic
LM: "wire looping" capillaries IF: granular EM: subENDOthelial IgG with C3 deposits |
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DPGN causes
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SLE, MPGN (membranoproliferative)
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Berger's IgA nephropathy LM, IF, EM appearance
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LM: mesangial proliferation
IF: IgA deposits in mesangium EM: mesangial IC deposits |
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Berger's IgA nephropathy association
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Preceded by URI, acute gastroenteritis |
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Alport syndrome etiology + symptoms
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Type IV collagen defect --> GBM splitting (X-linked)
Nephritic glomerulonephritis, deafness, eye problems (less common) |
