Renal Medicine

Front 1

What is the physiologic action of Aldosterone?

Back 1

To increase sodium and water resorption and potassium secretion.

Front 2

What is the physiologic action of ADH?

Back 2

To increase water resorption only.

Front 3

What is the action of parathyroid hormone on the kidneys?

Back 3

PTH increases calcium resorption at the tubules.
It also inhibits the resorption of phosphate.

Front 4

What is the action of the SNS on the kidneys?

Back 4

- Constriction of afferent arterioles (thus reducing GFR)
- You don't want to pee while being chased by a lion.

Front 5

Give one example for each of the following classes of diuretic:
1. Osmotic
2. Loop diuretic
3. Potassium sparing

Back 5

OSMOTIC: mannitol
LOOP: frusemide
K+ SPARING: spironolactone, amiloride

Front 6

List three (3) common causes of HYPOnatraemia.

Back 6

1. SIADH
2. hypoaldosteronism
3. water overload

Front 7

What are the side effects of hypokalaemia?

Back 7

- Muscle weakness
- Ectopic heartbeats

Front 8

Describe Fanconi syndrome and the associated anomalous lab findings.

Back 8

Fanconi syndrome is a defect in the proximal tubule resorption system.
- Aminoaciduria
- Glycosuria
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic acidosis

Front 9

Where are the body's osmoreceptors located?
What do they do?

Back 9

Anterior hypothalamus. They control water regulation and thirst by secreting ADH

Front 10

List five (5) mechanisms by which renal sodium excretion is controlled by the body.

Back 10

1. Angiotensin II (JGA)
2. ADH (via water)
3. Aldosterone
4. Prostaglandins
5. Dopamine (?)

Front 11

List two causes for each of the following types of hyponatraemia:
1. HYPERVOLAEMIC
2. EUVOLAEMIC
3. HYPOVOLAEMIC

Back 11

HYPERVOLAEMIC
- Heart failure
- Cirrhosis (Portal HT)

EUVOLAEMIC
- SIADH
- Hypothyroidism

HYPOVOLAEMIC
- Diuretics
- Haemorrhage

Front 12

What is the genetic difference between adult and child polycystic kidney disease?

Back 12

Adult disease: autosomal dominant PKD1 or 2 gene defect.
Child disease: autosomal recessive PKHD1 gene defect.

Front 13

List six (6) clinical features of adult polycystic kidney disease.

Back 13

1. Haematuria
2. Pain
3. UTI
4. Abdominal mass
5. Elevated serum creatinine
6. Hypertension

Front 14

List four (4) primary glomerular diseases that come under the acute nephritic category.

Back 14

1. IgA nephropathy
2. Mesangial cell glomerulonephritis
3. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
4. Focal proliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 15

List four (4) primary glomerular diseases that come under the nephrotic category.

Back 15

1. Membranous glomerulonephropathy
2. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy
3. Minimal change disease
4. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 16

Outline four (4) clinical features of nephritic syndrome.

Back 16

1. Minor proteinuria
2. Haematuria
3. Oedema
4. Azotemia (incr. BUN + creatinine)

Front 17

Outline five (5) clinical features of nephrotic syndrome.

Back 17

"Piss it all out and get fat"
1. Massive proteinuria
2. Hyperlipidemia
3. Hypoalbuminemia
4. Lipiduria
5. Hypercoagubility

Front 18

Outline three (3) immune mechanisms by which glomerular damage occur.

Back 18

1. Antibodies
2. Cellular
3. Complement activation

Front 19

List three (3) diseases that are associated with IgA nephropathy.

Back 19

1. Crohn's disease
2. Coeliac disease
3. Chronic bronchitis