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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal pH, PCO2, O2sat
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7.4, 40, 98
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anion gap calculation
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Na-(Cl + HCO3) = 12+/-2
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MUDPILES (CAUSE ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS)
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methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, isoniazid, lactate, ethylene glycol, salicylate
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Fanconi's syndrome
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genearlized disorder of proximal tubule transport giving you excessive urinary loosses of bicarb, amino acids, small proteins, glucose, electrolytes, and water.
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most common cause of ARF in toddlers
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HUS
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E. coli O157:H7 can cause what renal complication
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HUS 2/2 E. coli after eating at fast food restaraunt
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management for ARF
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either volume overload (Normal saline) or volume deplete (diuretic adn nitrate) based on pts clinical status
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why is renal osteodystrophy (muscle weakness, bone pain, growth retardation) a complicatoin of CRF
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b/c cannot excrete phosphate, XS phosphate -> XS PTH -> fibrosis of bone marrow space (osteitis fibrosis cystica)
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most common renal tumor in children < 15yo
sxs: age<3 yo, abdominal/flank mass, emesis, HTN 2/2 renal artery obstruction |
Wilm's tumor
dx: US and CT |
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proteinuria, pitting edema, hyperlipidemia, periorbital edema, oliguria, adn anasarca
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nephrotic syndrome
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At birth, infant wiht renal insufficiency or HTN and bilateral flank masses. also oligohydraminos, Potter's syndrome, and pulmonary hypoplasia
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Autosomal R PKD (cysts also in liver, cirrhoiss, and portal HTN)
dx: US of kidneys->enlarged and hyperechogenic. tx: supportive. dialsysi adn renal transplant. |
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how long after a step infection could one get PSGN
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10-14 days
epithelial deposits of immune complexes on epithelial side of the GBM dx; increased ASO and low serum complement level tx: penicillin for 10 days, dialysis for renal or cardiac failure, |
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walks up and down stairs, runs, kicks a ball
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2 years
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pincer grasp, crawls, cruises, mama/dad, bye-bye
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9 months
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head up prone, social smile, vocalizes, eyes follow objet to midline
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2 months
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what is activated charcoal used for?
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to help pass toxic substances out of the body
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inheritance pattern of achondroplasia
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AD: short trunks and limbs, macrocephaly with frontal bossing. sometimes prone to hydrocephalus
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in children < 2y/o who are exposed to Hep A via household contact should get.
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Hep A Ig within 2 wks of expsoure. Hep A vaccine would take too long and not used in kids < 2y/o
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what can blunt abdominal trauma cause in a kid?
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acute pancreatitis: HIGH amylase and lipase
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progressive motor weakness, preceded by days of constipation in a infant.
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presentation of botulism in infants
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neurologic complication of Lyme Disease
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Bell's palsy, but not generalized neruologic manifestations
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complciation of closed head injury or concussion
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amnesia: retrograde and/or anterograde
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most common complication of AZT in newborns
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anemia 2/2 bone marrow suppression
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most common causes of neonatal meningitis
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L. monoctyogenes, E. coli, Group B strep, and Klebsiella
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allergic rhinitis clinical picture
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allergic gape (open-mouth breathing) and allergic shiners (dark circles under eyes). watery dishcarge, nonerythematous
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what causes chemical conjunctivitis in the neonate
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silver nitrate, resolves by 36 hours
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what heart abnormality can happen in pts with NF type I
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hypertension 2/2 due to infectious process of renovascular htn
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how much nutrtion in cow's milk
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20kCal/ounce. energy requirement: 100kCal/kg
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ascending paralysis with diminished DTRs
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Guillian-Barre syndrome: complications-respiratory distress and autonoic dysfunctiom (HTN, tachypnea, arythmia, hypotension)
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what bacteria can cause seizures and bloody diarrhea in children
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Shigella: GNR that can cause fever, HA, watery diarrhea (c or s D), cramps, tenesmus, seizures, lethargy,
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complication seen as a result of meningitis in kids..hint: it affects the kidney
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SIADH within 24-48 hrs: water reabsorption -> dilution of electrolytes -> kidney excretes Na -> pt becomes hyponatremic -> SEIZURES
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progressive weakness: hypotonia, generalized weakness, small muscle mass, absent DTRs, and tongue atrophy and fasiculations
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spinal muscular atrophy: w/u-DNA testing for mutation, muslce biopsy, and EMG
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chronic otitis media, seborrheic dermatitis, and rash on trunk
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langerhan's cell histiocytosis, assoc with skeletal involvement most of the time
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what is common in all forms of rickets
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alkaline phosphatase: since osteoblasts are stimulatd to build bone they release a large amount of alk phos in the process
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presentation of syphillis in a newborn
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snuffles (nasal ddishcharge), HSM, or a papulosquamous rash --> draw an RPR on the baby
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congenital syphillis
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anemai, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
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secondary drowning
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occurs after initial immersion injury and leads to coma or death 24 hrs later, after a presumed recovery
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most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism
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abnormal development of thyroid gland
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susceptiblity to encapsulated organisms (S. pneumonia, h. influenz, n. meningitids) occurs in boys around 6 mo of ag
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x-linked agammaglobulinemia
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atopc dermatitis and thromcotyopenia
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wiskott-aldrich: x-linked (t and b cell)
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cutaneous infections, deep skin abscesses, recurrent lymphadenitits
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CGD; x-linked
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partial albinism, photophobia, nystagmus
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chediak-higashi (AR): disorder of phagocytosis
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newborns with delayed umbilical cord separation. skin adn subcut infectiosn with poor wound ehaling
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leukocyte adhesion defect
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in an infant who is jaundiced at 2 kwks with a high direct >2mg/dL, what are you worried about
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other path besides simple breastmilk jaundice. you worry about biliary atresia, intrinsic liver disease.
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gross hematuria, edema, and HTN in a boy between 4 and 14 years of age, with a recent sore throat (strep throat or skin infection) 7-14 DAYS PRIOR
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postinfectious glomerulonephritis 2/2 GABH Strep throat or skin infection.
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what does PSGN have that IgA nephropathy typically not have
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edema and HTN
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Hypsarrhythmia: diffuse, high voltage slow waves and multipel spike-and-wave-discharges
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infantile spasms' EEG presentation: recurrent flexion-extension seizure episodes between 2-7 months. can occur multiple times/day. ACTH can be helpful.
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can lift head off talbe, follow objects pass midline, recognize parents, smile when engaged
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at 2 months
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walk up adn down steps, turn book pages one at a time, understand 2-step commands, parallel play
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24 mo
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roll over, sti well with support, move arms in unison while grasping object, regard environment with excitement
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4 mo
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walk independtly, pincer grasp, couple more words than mama adn dada, imitate actions
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12 mo
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sit well without support, transfer objects btwn hands, raking rasp, babbly, recognize strangers
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6mo
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craw adn creep begin to pull up to stand, pincre grasp, understands "no"
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9 mo
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run, turn 2-3 pgages a ta time, begins to feed self with spoon,s ay 10-20 words, imitate parents actions
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18 mo
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treatment of TSS caused by staph
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IV nafcillin
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when can a child face the front in a baby car seat
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when the child is 12 months AND 20 lbs
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what elecectrolyte abnormality accompanies rhabdomyolysis
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hypocalcemia: 2/2 hyperphosphatemia -> decreasd release of Ca from bone (increased phosphate leads to decreased PTH -> decreasedCa released from bone)
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boys>girls, insidous edema, heavy proteinuria, minimual hematuria, hyperlipiedemia, adn occasiaonal HTN
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Minimal change disease (nephrotic syndrome)
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pyloric stenosis can cause
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nonbillous projectile vomiting, decreased stooling, dehydration, and metabolic alkalosis (2/2 vomitiing). one can see gastric peristaltic waves and feel the "olive" sign
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when does pyloric stenosis typically present
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3-8 wks of age
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what kind of joints affected in rheumatic fever
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large joints
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what kind of joints affected in SLE
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small joints (wrists, elbows,shoulders)
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joint description in JRA
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swollen, warm, painful with active motion.
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what do breast milk jaundice, Gilbert's Syndrome, crigler-najarr syndrome, and cong spherocytosis have in common
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they cause INDIRECT hyperbilirubinemia
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an infant with microcytic anemia and a normal RDW..hint: Greek ancestry
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think Hemophilia: due Hgb electrophoresis
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manifestations of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
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short stature/growth retardation and goiter. Hashimotot's is an autoimmune disease: primary hypothyroidism
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what 3 malignancies is ebv assoc with
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Burkitt's Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin's disease
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fever, abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge in an adolescent with high risk sexual behavior
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PID: C. trachomatis or N. gonorrrhea
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hyperpigmented macules in the axilla
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pathognomonic for segmental neurofibromatosis: NF limited to 1 dermatome
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should you be worreid if you see microcopic hematuria w/o proteinuria
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not really, it may be familial bening essential hematuria.
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