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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 pressures that are involved in glomerular filtration
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1. Blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure of blood)
2. Osmotic pressure 3. Capsular hydrostatic pressure |
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What is tubular secretion?
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process by which kidneys clean blood, substances added to tubular fluid, removes excessive quantities of certain dissolved substances
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What is tubular reabsorption?
Where does it mostly occur? |
solutes & water removed from tubular fluid & put back into blood
proximal convoluted tubule |
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When ADH levels in the blood are high, what are the collecting ducts permeable to?
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water
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What affect does aldosterone have on urine output?
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decreased urine output
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When does glucose appear in the urine?
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when transport carriers for glucose become saturated
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What affect would a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of sodium have on urine output?
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increased urine output
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What is the main solute component of urine?
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urea
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Which muscle metabolism waste product is eliminated by the kidneys?
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creatinine
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What does the kidney normally regulate?
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Composition of body fluids
Total body fluid volume Acid-base balance (pH) Blood pressure |
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What does the kidney normally excrete?
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Metabolites: creatinine, urea, sulphate, phosphate, uric acid
Toxins & drugs |
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Which hormones does the kidney normally produce?
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renin
erythropoietin (RBC production) renal prostaglandin active form of Vitamin D (allows for absorption of calcium) |
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What is the onset & duration of acute renal failure (ARF)? What are the main treatment goals?
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develops in days
resolves in 6-8 weeks preserve kidney function, give kidneys rest |
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What are the pre-renal causes of ARF?
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hypovolemia, cardiac disorders, renal artery disorders, altered PVR, hepato-renal syndrome (cirrhosis -> vasoconstrict renal arteries -> decreased GFR)
If prolonged --> intrinsic renal problems |
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What are the intrinsic factors of ARF?
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nephrotoxicity (drugs)
inflammatory processes immune response processes rhabdomyolysis (overuse of muscles) aminoglycoside toxicity tumors, cysts, stones diabetes / HTN / atherosclerosis |
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What are the post renal factors of ARF?
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Obstruction: hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, stones, tumors, enlarged prostsate, urethral scarring (infection or STIs)
Almost always treatable if identified before permanent kidney damage |
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What is the mortality rate of ARF?
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50%
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What are the two most common causes of ARF in hospitalized patients?
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hypo perfusion
toxins |
