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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes azotemia?
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Azotemia occurs when kidneys are in acute renal failure and cannot eliminate nitrogenous waste.
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What else increases in blood along with nitrogenous waste during acute renal failure?
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Serum createnine
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What is uremia?
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Uremia is the clinical manifestation of azotemia.
Includes: Anorexia N/V altered mental status |
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Pre-renal failure
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Basically, this is anything causing renal failure before the kidney. Mainly includes anything that causes decreased blood flow to the kidney.
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Non-pharmacologic treatment of acute renal failure
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Na loading and hydration
This will cause retention and slow GFR so you're not damaging the kidney. |
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Loop diuretics (3)
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Lasix
Bumex Demadex |
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Loop diruetics MOA
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Enhance solute excretion and decreases edema
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Loop diuretics adverse effect
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ototoxicity
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Why should loop diuretics be given IV?
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Prevents adverse effects because the serum concentration doesn't get too high this way.
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Fenoldopam MOA
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D1 agonist - stimulates vasodilation in the kidneys
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DA
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Stimulates DA receptors in kidney to cause vasodilation
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Why is fenoldopam safer than DA?
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It's more specific - because it acts exclusively on D1 receptors
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Criteria for ESRD
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Need to have chronic dialysis or a renal transplant
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What is the best way to remove K+ from the blood?
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Dialysis
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What's another way to treat serum hyerpkalemia?
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Redistribute the K+ to the tissue
However, this is harder to remove with dialysis later |
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Three treatments that can redistribute K+ to intracellular space
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Insulin
Albuterol Sodium bicarbonate |
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Which treatment should a patient with metabolic acidosis recieve?
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Sodium bicarbonate
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Potassium antagonists
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Agents that shift K+ to intraceullular space OR that aid in elimination of K+
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An agent that aid in K+ elimination
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Kayexalate
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What is wrong with retaining phosphate?
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It impairs the renal activation of vitamin D
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What happens when vitamin D is not activated?
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Calcium cannot be absorbed
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What happens when calcium is not absorbed?
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PTH is thus released and bone resorption occurs
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How is that relevant to renal failure?
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In renal failure - phosphate is being retained
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Phosphate binders MOA
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Begin with aluminum or calcium
Bind phosphate in the GI so it cannot be absorbed |
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Which phosphate binder has cardiovascular benefits?
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Calcium carbonate
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Vitamin D replacement drug
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Calictrol
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Which two drugs replace deficient hormone needed to make RBC?
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Erythropoeitin and anything that ends with -poeitin
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