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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mannitol
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MOA: Osmotic diuresis; inc tubular fluid osmolarity, produce inc urine flow
Use in shock, drug OD, dec ICP/intraocular pressure Tox: pulm edema, dehydration CI: anuria, CHF |
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Acetazolamide
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MOA: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, cause self-ltd NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction in total body HCO3 stores
Use in glaucoma, urinary alkalinzation, met alkalosis, altitude sickness Tox: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy |
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Furosemide
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MOA: sulfonamide loop diuretic; inhib cotransport transport (Na/K/2Cl) of thick asc limb of loop of Henle; abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine; inc. Ca2+ excretion (LOSE calcium!)
Use in edema (CHF/cirrhosis/nephrotic syndrome/pulm edema), HTN, hypercalcemia Tox: ototox, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis (interstitial), gout |
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Ethacrynic acid
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MOA: phenoxyacetic acid derivative (NOT a sulfonamide); same action as furosemide
Use in pts allergic to sulfa drugs Tox: sim to furosemide; used in hyperuricemia, acute gout (never used to treat gout) |
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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MOA: thiazide diuretic; inhib NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of nephron, dec Ca2+ excretion
Use in HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic DI, osteoporosis Tox: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, sulfa allergy |
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K+ sparing diuretics
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Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride, Eplerenone
MOA: competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical CT; triamterene and amiloride act at same part of tubule by blocking Na+ channels in CCT Use in hyperaldosteronism, K+depletion, CHF Tox: hyperkalemia (arrhtyhmias), endocrine effects w/ aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone --> gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects) |
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ACE inhibitors
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Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril
MOA: inhibit ACE reducing levels of AngioII, prev inactivation of bradykinin, potent vasodilator; inc renin release due to loss of feedback inhibition Use in HTN, CHF, diabetic renal dz Tox: Cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, hypoTN, PG problems (fetal renal damage), rash, inc renin, lower angioII, hyperkalemia Avoid w/ BL renal artery stenosis b/c ACE inhibitors significantly dec GFT by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles |
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ARB
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Losartan
MOA: angio II receptor antagonist NOT an ACE-inhibitor does not cause cough |
