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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 2 thiazide diuretics.
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Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide |
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How do thiazide diuretics work?
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Inhibit Na & Cl transport from the DCT
Decrease calcium excretion & increase calcium reabsorption |
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What thiazide diuretic has a slightly longer duration of action than HCTZ?
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Chlorthalidone
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What side effects may be caused by thiazide diuretics?
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Hypokalemia
Increased digoxin activity Increased LDL & TGs Decreased uric acid excretion Allergic reactions |
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What diuretics are sulfonamides?
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Thiazides
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Where does furosemide do its owrk?
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Ascending loop of Henle
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What are the loop diuretics?
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Furosemide
Ethacrynic acid Bumetanide Torsemide |
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How do loop diuretics work?
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Bind to Cl- site on ascending loop of Henle-->inhibit Na, Cl reabsorption from the tubule
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Which is more efficacious: thiazide or loop diuretics?
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Loop diuretics
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When are loop diuretics used?
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Refractory to thiazides
Life-threatening edema Forced diuresis (poisoning) |
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What are possible side effects of loop diuretics?
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Dehydration
Severe hypokalemia Increased calcium excretion Decreased uric acid excretion Auditory nerve damage |
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NSAIDs are used with a diuretic and the diuretic doesn't seem to be as effective as before Sally took her NSAIDs. What diuretics might she be on?
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Thiazides
Loop diuretics |
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What are the aldosterone antagonists?
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Spironolactone
Eplrenone |
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Where do the aldosterone antagonists act?
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Collecting duct
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How do aldosterone antagonists work?
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Block the Na-K-ATPase in principal cells by blocking the aldosterone receptor
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What are the potassium-sparing diuretics?
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Aldosterone antagonists
Distal tubule & collecting duct sodium transport inhibitors |
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When are aldosterone antagonists used?
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With thiazides & loop diuretics to prevent potassium loss
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What are side effects of loop diuretics?
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Hyperkalemia
Can bind to other steroid receptors-->anti-androgen like effect (less with eplrenone than spironolactone) |
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What diuretics inhibit Na transport in the DCT and the CD?
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triamterene
amiloride |
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How does amiloride work?
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directly prevents sodium from reaching the Na-K exchanger in principal cells
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How does triamterene work?
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directly prevents sodium from reaching the Na-K exchanger in principal cells
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What is an advantage of amiloride over aldosterone antagonists?
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Faster & more predictable effect than aldosterone antagonists
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What is an advantage of triamterene over aldosterone antagonists?
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Faster & more predictable effect than aldosterone antagonists
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What are the side effects of amiloride?
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Hyperkalemia
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What are the side effects of triamterene?
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Hyperkalemia
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What diuretic acts by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase?
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Acetazolamide
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How does acetazolamide work?
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Inhibits reabsorption of bicarbonate by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase
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What are the uses of acetazolamide?
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Open angle glaucoma-->decreases production of aqueous humor
Mountain sickness-->decreases production of CSF Epilepsy Alkalinizes urine |
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What is an osmotic diuretic?
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Mannitol
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How does mannitol act as a diuretic?
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Sugar than cannot be reabsorption-->increases tubular osmolality
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What is mannitol used for?
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Decreases CSF & intraocular pressure
Maintains urine flow after traumatic injury |
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How might ethanol act as a diuretic?
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Inhibits release of ADH
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What is DOC for essential HTN?
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Thiazide diuretics
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What is a secondary effect of thiazides not related to the kidneys?
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Vasodilation
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After beginning a diuretic, Bob has increased LDL & TGs. What might he be taking?
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Thiazides
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Julie's diuretic binds to the chloride site on the ascending loop of Henle and inhibits reabsorption of sodium & chloride. What is this drug?
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Loop diuretic: furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torsemide
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Anita has an allergic reaction to her newly prescribed diuretic medication. What has she taken?
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Chlorothiazide or hydrochlorothiazide
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