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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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- symptoms - damage to glomerular membrane - severe protein loss d/t inc. permeability
-may be from primary kidney disorder or systemic diseases like DM or SLE |
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Nephrotic Signs & Symptoms
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- proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema
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Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome
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- thromboemboli - plasma of blood - to kidneys - excrete - cause sm. blood clots
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Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome
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- resolves w/out tx in children and some adults
- could be beginning of Ch.Renal Failure in most adults |
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Urinary Calculi
(urolithiasis-kidney stones) |
- stones in urinary tract by materials excreted in urine
- cause = calcium - sand to orange; men>women; 30-50y |
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Risk Factors of Urinary Calculi
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- immobility, diet high in calcium, recurrent UTI's, chronic dehydration, antacid use, heredity
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Urinary Calculi Signs & Symptoms
Kidney Pelvis (pyelolithiasis) |
- asymptomatic or dull aching pain
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Urinary Calculi Signs & Symptoms
Ureter (ureterolithiasis) |
- hungup somewhere in ureter
- severe pain is the backup of urine, spasm where stone is stuck - morphine NO help, radiates to other areas - N/V, autonomic NS kicked in, become cool, clammy, hematuria |
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Urinary Calculi Signs & Symptoms
Bladder |
- asymptomatic, surgically removed in time
- dull ache, suprpubic discomf, hematuria from bouncing around |
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Diagnostic Tests of
Urinary Calculi |
- KUB, IVP/CT to confirm, cystoscopy tell size of stone in bladder or put stent cath in - may move stone
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Treatment of Urinary Calculi
Medications |
- pain relief, anti-inflammatory (toradol), inc. fluids to inc. urine - may push stone down
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Urinary calculi Diet
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- once acuteness of stone resolved - low Ca diet
-drink water, water, water |
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Surgery for Urinary Calculi
Lithotripsy, transducer, laser |
lithotripsy- stone is crushed (ESWL) - given epidural
transducer- electro shock therapy laser- disintegrate stone |
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Nursing Care for Urinary Calculi
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Pain - analgesics, anti-inflam, inc. fluid intake (help w/pain), ambulation, monitor incisions & cath care
- monitor I&O, abnormal urines (dysuria, hematuria-will have), strain all urine, maintain patency |
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Hydronephrosis
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- abnormal distention of renal pelvis - obstruction in ureter causing backflow of urine to kidney
- result in damage to nephron & collecting tubules |
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Hydronephrosis:
DX - S/S - Tx |
Dx: US/CT, cystoscopy
S/S: dull pain in flank, N/V, inc. BUN/Creat Tx: relieve urine by pyelcatheter or ureter, irrigate w/2ml by MD order |
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
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- a slow progressive, heredity
- fluid filled cyst - massive kidney enlarge - bilateral, destroys kidney tissue & cysts develop in other organs |
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
Signs & Symptoms |
- hereditary, flank pain d/t enlargement, hematuria, protienuria, polyuria, nocturia
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
DX, Complications |
Dx: renal US
Complications: UTI freq, inc. risk for stones, as get chronic -inc. risk for HTN |
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
Treatment |
- inc. fluid intake to keep kidneys working
- manage HTN - if chronic, prepare for dialysis or transplant |
