Renal Disease (Mod)

Front 1

What is renal failure?

Back 1

implies that a certain degree of kidney disease has occurred possibly resulting in inability to maintain normal kidney function

Front 2

What do you seen clinically with renal failure?

Back 2

inability to concentrate urine
see azotemia (see isosthenuria first)
inability to make sufficient EPO

all signs may not be present at once

Front 3

What can you see biochemically with renal failure?

Back 3

increased BUN, creatinine and isosthenurua

implies damage leading to inability to rid body of toxins or concentrate urine even in state of dehydration

Front 4

What is kidney insufficiency?

Back 4

Implies a certain degree of kidney injury but to a lesser degree than kidney failure

kidney that can concentrate but a lesser degree than a normal kidney

compensation responses can occur limiting dysfunction

Front 5

What are manifestations of renal disease related to?

Back 5

related to failure to:
-excrete metabolic waste
-retrieve filtered materials
-Maintain acid-base balance
-regulate BP
-stimulate production of RBC

Front 6

What are clinical signs of renal disease?

Back 6

change in drinking and urinating (PU/PD)

uremic syndrome
GI signs (anorexia, oral lesions, vomiting, diarrhea)

hypertension (eyes sensitive)

Front 7

What is uremic syndrome due to?

Back 7

disturbed excretion of electrolytes/H2O

reduced excretion of organic solutes

impaired hormones synthesis

Front 8

What are characteristics of acute renal injury?

Back 8

rapid and progressive
can be lethal
caused by anything that changes blood flow to the kidneys, ischemia, hypoxia

Front 9

What are characteristics of chronic renal failure?

Back 9

irreversible, progressive

treatment by controlling signs but there isn't a specific cause

Front 10

What is the cellular damage seen in acute kidney injury?

Back 10

necrosis
apoptosis

Front 11

What processes result in dysfunction in acute renal injury?

Back 11

tubular obstruction
back leakage of disrupted tubule
vasoconstriction
decreased capillary permeability

primary process or combination of processes may differ depending on the cause and time in disease

Front 12

What is induction?

Back 12

one of the four stages of acute kidney injury

there is a insult, no clinical signs but this is the best time to intervene
duration is variable

Front 13

What is extension?

Back 13

the second out of the 4 stages of renal injury

insult is present and there is enough damage to have clinical representation

Front 14

What is Maintenance?

Back 14

third stage of acute kidney injury

cause of injury is gone but damage is left
animal may recover or worsen into anuric renal failure

Front 15

What is recovery?

Back 15

4th stage of kidney injury

patient may slowly improve if damage to cells are sublethal

during this time kidney function is slow and slowly improves

Front 16

What are causes of acute renal injury?

Back 16

lack of blood
toxins

Front 17

What are characteristics of chronic kidney disease?

Back 17

common irreversible
stable to slowly progressive
initially inciting cause is generally gone
treatment not curative

see proteinuria
tubulointerstitial disease
calcium precipitates
see wt loss (acidosis)
small kidneys
weakness/lethargy