Renal - Bugs, Drugs, And Path

Front 1

Uncomplicated UTI
younger women with no abnormalities
Which bug?

Back 1

E. coli

Front 2

gram (-) rod
normal flora of gut
which bug(s)?

Back 2

E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

Front 3

ferments lactose, reduces nitrate
which bug(s)?

Back 3

E. coli
Klebsiella

Front 4

ferments lactose, reduces nitrate, pili to stick to walls
Which bug(s)?

Back 4

E. coli

Front 5

ferments lactose, reduces nitrate,
has urease, swarm pattern on agar
Which bug(s)?

Back 5

Klebsiella

Front 6

honeymoon cystitis
which bug?

Back 6

Staph saprophyticus

Front 7

catalase positive, coagulase negative, does not reduce nitrate
Which bug?

Back 7

Staph saprophyticus

Front 8

non lactose fermenting, reduces nitrate, has urease, swarm pattern on agar
Which bug(s)?

Back 8

proteus

Front 9

Which bug forms kidney stones?

Back 9

proteus

Front 10

Staphylococcus saprophyticus does (or does not?) reduce nitrate coagulase (+/-) and catalase (+/-)?

Back 10

does not reduce nitrate
catalse +
coagulase -

Front 11

Rare bugs of UTI's

Back 11

Enterococcus
Ureaplasma (mycoplasma)
Chlamydia (obligate intracellular)
Candida (normal skin yeast)

Front 12

9 class of drugs to treat HTN?

Back 12

1. Diuretics
2. Beta blockers
3. Renin angiotensin disrupters
4. Ca channel blockers
5. alpha blockers
6. arteriole-selective vasodilators
7. NE depleting agents
8. alpha 2 agonists
9. ganglionic blockers

Front 13

What are considered the ideal anti HTN drugs?

Back 13

thiazide diuretics
beta blockers
RAS inhibitors
Ca channel blockers

Front 14

Thiazide diuretics

Back 14

hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide
-increases Na excretion and reduces plasma volume
-decreases TPR by activating potassium channels to hyperpolarize smooth muscle causesing VASODILATION

Front 15

first drugs of choice in HTN?

Back 15

thiazide diuretics

Front 16

Loop diuretic

Back 16

furosemide

Front 17

aldosterone receptor antagonist

Back 17

spironolactone
potassium sparing

Front 18

drug that inhibits Na channels that allows reduced K+ and H+ loss in the distal tubule of kidney

Back 18

Triamterene

Front 19

drugs that act to decrease CO?

Back 19

beta blockers:
propranolol, pindolol
beta 1 selective:
metoprolol, atenolol

Front 20

What drugs for HTN and heart failure, angina pectoris, MI, DM

Back 20

beta blockers

Front 21

drugs that decrease TPR and protect the kidneys

Back 21

ACE inhibitor
-pril

Front 22

drug for HTN and DM and chronic kidney disease

Back 22

ACE inihibitor

Front 23

angiotensin receptor antagonist

Back 23

losartan

Front 24

calcium channel blockers

Back 24

verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine

Front 25

What drugs are contraindicated with beta blockers?

Back 25

calcium channel blockers

Front 26

alpha 1 antagonists

Back 26

prazosin, terazosin

Front 27

What drugs are used with HTN and BPH?

Back 27

alpha one blocker

Front 28

direct acting vasodilators

Back 28

hydralazine, minoxidil

Front 29

arteriolar and venodilators

Back 29

nitroprusside
elevates cGMP

Front 30

NE depleting agents

Back 30

reserpine

Front 31

centrally acting alpha 2 agonists

Back 31

methyldopa, clonidine, guanabenz

Front 32

What drug do you use in pregnancy induced hypertension

Back 32

methyl-dopa

Front 33

ganglionic blocker

Back 33

trimethaphan

Front 34

drugs for stage I hypertension

Back 34

thiazide diuretic

Front 35

drugs for stage II hypertension

Back 35

thiazide and a RAS inhibitor, beta blocker, or Ca channel blocker

Front 36

drugs for renal hypertension

Back 36

ACE inhibitor

Front 37

drugs pregnancy induced HTN?

Back 37

alpha methyl dopa

Front 38

drug that works like a fluoroquinolone to adversely impact DNA gyrase (topoisomerases II and IV)

Back 38

Nalidixic acid

Front 39

-Bacteriocidal by damage to DNA
-Reduced by bacteria to highly reactive intermediates

Back 39

Nitrofurantoin

Front 40

-Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia in acid environments
-Does not work for upper urinary tract infections
-Effective against nearly all bacteria except urea splitting organisms (e.g., Proteus)

Back 40

Methenamine

Front 41

smoky urine

Back 41

post strep GN

Front 42

increased antistreptolysin

Back 42

post strep GN

Front 43

Subepithelial humps

Back 43

post strep GN

Front 44

crescents

Back 44

rapidly progressing glomerular nephritis

Front 45

linear deposits

Back 45

Type I rapidly progressing glomerular nephritis

Front 46

lumpy bumpy granular pattern

Back 46

Type II rapidly progressing glomerular nephritis

Front 47

P and C ANCA, pauci immune (lack of IF staining)

Back 47

Type III rapidly progressing glomerular nephritis

Front 48

antigen antibody to GN
spikes on silver stain

Back 48

membranous GN

Front 49

liphoid nephrosis

Back 49

minimal change disease

Front 50

most common cause of nephrotic change in children

Back 50

minimal change

Front 51

child with respiratory infection, nephrotic

Back 51

minimal change

Front 52

child with respiratory infection, nephritic

Back 52

post strep

Front 53

tubules filled with lipid

Back 53

minimal change (lipoid nephrosis)
children

Front 54

Effacement of foot process, no deposits, reversible with steroids, proteinuria

Back 54

minimal change

Front 55

most common nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Back 55

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 56

nephrotic syndrome associated with HIV

Back 56

focal segment glomerulosclerosis
(tubuloreticular inclusions)

Front 57

nephrotic syndrome associated with lupus, Hep B, Hep C, or endocarditis

Back 57

membranoproliferative glomerular nephritis

Front 58

tram-track or double contour with silver stain

Back 58

membranoproliferative glomerular nephritis

Front 59

mesangial cell interposition into the GBM?

Back 59

mambranoproliferative glomerular nephritis

Front 60

subendothelial deposits activating the complement pathway

Back 60

Type I - membranoproliferative glomerular nephritis

Front 61

Dense deposit disease - ribbon like deposits (intramembranous) - activates complement pathway

Back 61

Type II - membranoproliferative glomerular nephritis

Front 62

AKA Berger disease

Back 62

IgA nephropathy

Front 63

Most common glomerulonephritis world wide

Back 63

IgA nephropathy

Front 64

associated with Henoch-schonlein purpura

Back 64

IgA nephropathy

Front 65

split lamina densa with sclerosis of glomeruli

Back 65

hereditary Alport syndrome

Front 66

nerve deafness, eye disorders, hereditary nephritis

Back 66

Alport syndrome

Front 67

AKA benign familial hematuria

Back 67

thin membrane disease

Front 68

abnormal gene encoding collagen genes

Back 68

thin membrane disease

Front 69

wireloop lesion with thickening of the capillary wall by subendothelial deposits

Back 69

lupus nephrits

Front 70

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease

Back 70

diabetic nephropathy
(nodular glomerulo sclerosis, diffuse mesangial sclerosis)

Front 71

Most common cause of acute renal failure

Back 71

ATN

Front 72

Bence Jones proteins are associated with what?

Back 72

MM

Front 73

What drug is a assoiated with analgesic nephropathy?

Back 73

phenacetin

Front 74

mononuclear cells and interstitial edema

Back 74

tubulointerstital nephritis
type I and IV hypersensitivty from analgesic drugs

Front 75

fleabitten kidney

Back 75

malignant nephrosclerosis
(fibrinoid necrosis)
(onion skinning)

Front 76

two causes of renal arterial stenosis

Back 76

atheromatous plaque
fibromuscular dysplasia