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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the drug that acts by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the CNS?
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alpha-methyl dopa
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How does alpha-methyl dopa act?
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Metabolized to alpha-methyl norepinephrine which stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the CNS-->inhibits sympathetic outflow
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What are the side effects of alpha-methyl DOPA?
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Depression
Drowsiness Impaired ejaculation Orthostatic hypotension |
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When might alpha-methyl DOPA be used?
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Pre-eclampsia
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What are the central alpha-2 agonists?
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Alpha-methyl DOPA
Clonidine |
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How does clonidine work?
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Alpha-2 agonist
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What are the side effects of clonidine?
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Depression
Drowsiness Impaired ejaculation Orthostatic hypotension Sudden withdrawal-->hypertensive crisis |
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What are the unlabelled uses of clonidine?
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Opiate withdrawal
Neuropathic pain (fibromyalgia) Insomnia ADD tourettes |
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What agents act centrally and peripherally?
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Propranolol
Reserpine metyrosine |
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What drug inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase?
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alpha-methyl tyrosine (metyrosine
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What drug is used for pheochromocytoma?
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metyrosine
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What drug inhibits catecholamine synthesis?
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metyrosine
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What are the side effects of metyrosine?
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sedation & depression
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What drugs block transmission at the ganglion?
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mecamylamine
trimethaphan camsylate |
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How does mecamylamine work?
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Totally blocks sympathetic & parasympathetic ganglia by blocking nicotinic cholinergic receptors
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How does trimethaphan camsylate work?
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Totally blocks sympathetic & parasympathetic ganglia by blocking nicotinic cholinergic receptors
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What are the side effects of ganglion blockers?
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ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
High doses: enters CNS-->tremors, convulsions Constipation |
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What drugs work at the post ganglionic neuron?
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Reserpine
Guanethidine |
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How does reserpine work?
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inhibits incorporation of NE & epinephrine into vesicles-->inhibits monoamine transport-->depletes catecholamines centrally & peripherally
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What drug depletes catecholamines centrally & peripherally?
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reserpine
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How does guanethidine work?
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Taken up by neurons & replaces norepinephrine in vesicles
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Does guanethidine enter the CNS?
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NO
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What drugs block end-organ receptors?
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alpha-1 inhibitors
Beta-1 blockers Angiotensin Receptor Blockers |
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What are the alpha1 blockers?
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-osins
Prazosin, Terazosin |
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What is prazosin?
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alpha-1 receptor blocker
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What is terazosin?
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alpha-1 receptor blocker
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How does prazosin work?
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Blocks alpha1 receptors on the vasculature
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How does terazosin work?
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Blocks alpha1 receptors on the vasculature
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What are some side effects of terazosin?
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Minimal orthostatic hypotension
Nasal congestion Considerable first-dose effect |
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What are some side effects of prazosin?
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Minimal orthostatic hypotension
Nasal congestion Considerable first-dose effect |
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What is tamsulosin used for?
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BPH
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What is alfuzosin used for?
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BPH
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What is an off-label use of alpha1 blockers?
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PTSD
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How does propranolol work?
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Blocks all Beta receptors (beta1 and beta2)
Blocks Beta1 induced reflex increase in HR following vasodilation |
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When is propranolol used?
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Used with powerful vasodilators
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What are some side effects of propranolol?
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Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia Depression (gets into CNS) |
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What is the most selective B1 blocker?
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Nebivolol
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What are 2 more selective beta1 blockers?
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Metoprolol
Atenolol |
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What is the advantage of using a combined alpha & beta blocker?
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Prevention of vasoconstriction and increased CO
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What is a combined alpha & beta blocker?
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Labetolol
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What might labetolol be used for?
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Pre-eclampsia
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What are the angiotensin receptor blockers?
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-ARTANs
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How do ARBs work?
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Blockade of angiotensin recpetor-->decreased vasoconstriction & decreased aldosterone secretion
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What is the major side effect of ARBs?
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fetal damage
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What drugs act directly on smooth muscle?
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Minoxidil
Hydralazine Diazoxide Nitroprusside Calcium Channel blockers (-ipine) |
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How does minoxidil work?
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Opens K+ channels in vasculature
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What is another use of minoxidil?
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Hypertrichosis (hair growth)
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What are the side effects of minoxidil?
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Edema leading to pericardial effusion, tamponade
Hair growth |
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When is minoxidil used?
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Severely refractory HTN by IV
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How does hydralazine work?
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Increases cGMP in vasculature-->arterial dilation
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What is a limitation of hydralazine?
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Cannot dilate coronary arteries
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When is hydralazine used?
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In combination w/isosorbide dinitrate for CHF
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What drug might be used with isosorbide dinitrate?
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Hydralazine
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What are the side effects of hydralazine?
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Lupus-like syndrome
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How does diazoxide work?
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Opens K channels
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What drug is a thiazide analog?
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Diazoxide
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How is diazoxide used?
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IV for hypertensive emergencies
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What are the side effects of diazoxide?
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Diuresis
Decreased insuline from beta cells |
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What drug can treat hypoglycemia if given PO?
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Diazoxide
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What does nitroprusside do?
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Dilates both arterial & venous system (including coronary arteries)
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What is the major side effect of nitroprusside?
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CN poisoning
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What are the calcium channel blockers?
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-ipines
Nifedipine, Nicardipine, Lodipine |
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How do the calcium channel blockers work?
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Inhibit Ca2+ uptake by SMCs
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What are the ACEi's?
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-PRILs
Lisinopril, captopril, fosinopril, benazepril, quinapril... |
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How do the ACEis work?
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Inhibit synthesis of angiotensin II from angiotensin I by ACE
Prevents AT-II induced vasoconstriction & prevents breakdown of bradykinin |
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What are the side effects of ACEi's?
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Dry cough
Angioedema Fetal damage Taste changes |
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What drugs work on the RAAS?
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ACEis
Aliskiren |
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How does aliskiren work?
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Direct renin inhibitor
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What drug activates D1 receptors?
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Fenoldopam
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How does fenoldopam work?
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activates D1 (dopamine) receptors on vasculature-->vasodilation
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When is fenoldopam used?
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IV for hypertensive emergencies
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