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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal size of dog and cat kidneys
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dog= 2.5 -3.5 L2
cat= 1.9-3 L2 (early neutered cats will have smaller kidneys) |
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what is the best lateral view for the kidneys in small animals?
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right lateral, better seperation of kidneys
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name the clinical indications for excretory urography
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1.kidney dz; pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis
2.nonvisualtization of kidneys 3.prior to a nephrectomy 4.evaluation of retroperitoneal space 5.abdominal mass evaluation 6.ectopic ureter |
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excretory urography is contraindicated when?
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dehydrated patient
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excretory urography limitations
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qualitative not quantitative
-need to increase contrast dose if BUN is high -serum creatinine levels greater than or equal to 3.5mg/dl often result in non diagnostic studies |
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define the first phase of the excretory urogram
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vascular nephrogram phase occurs 5-20sec post injection. cortex will be more opaque than medulla
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define the second phase of the excretory urogram
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tubular nephrogram phase
occurs 1-2min post injection. homogenous opacification of the entire kidney |
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define the third phase of the excretory urogram
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pyelogram phase occurs 5-20min post injection. result of water reabsorption in the renal tubules. can see size and shape of pelvis and ureters
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results of a normal excretory urogram
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normal size and shape of kidneys
nephrogram phase-smoothly homogenous opacification pelvic diverticulae less than 1-2mm proximal ureter less than 3-4mm peristalic activity in the proximal ureter |
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differentials for large kidney with normal shape and smooth margins
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compensatory hypertrophy
hydronephrosis infiltrative neoplasia acute inflammation trauma renal amyloidosis glomerulonephritis dioctophyma renale |
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differentials for large kidney with abnormally shaped and irregular margination
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primary neoplasia
metastatic neoplasia infiltrative neoplasia hematomas abscesses cysts |
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differentials for normal size and shape kidney
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normal kidneys
amyloidosis glomerulonephritis acute pyelonephritis early renal dz |
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differentials for small kidneys with normal shape
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end stage renal failure
amyloidosis glomerulonephritis chronic pyelonephritis renal dysplasia renal infarcts |
