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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what type of diuretic is tx for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
-what are the relevant actions? |
-thiazide
-hyperosmolar urine, preserve body free water, decrease urine volume |
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medullary sponge kidney
-risk of what? adult polycystic kidney disease -risk of what? |
-kidney stones
-berry aneurysm |
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post-strep glomerulonephritis
-labs? |
-increase ASO titers
-decrease C3, complement -increase anti-DNAase B |
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Wegener's
-labs? -sxs? |
-C-ANCA positive
-cough, hemoptysis |
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acute salicylate intoxication
-aucte acid base imbalance? -eventual acid base imbalance? |
-resp alkalosis (hyperventilation decrease PaCO2)
-metabolic acidosis with anion gap (organic acids decrease HCO3-) |
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diabetic nephropathy early detection
-which test? |
-urine albumin (microalbuminuria = 30-300 mg/day)
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primary hyperaldo
secondary hyperaldo -renin levels? -what are causes of seondary hyperaldo? |
-primary: low renin
-secondary: high renin -JGA cell tumor, renovascular HTN |
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uric acid precipitates in which part of kidney?
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-distal tubules and collecting ducts
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Goodpasture's
-what deposits where? |
-C3, IgG in BM
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rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
-forms what? -what cells are present? |
-crescents
-fibrin, glomerular parietal cells, monos, macrophgaes |
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hydrochlorathiazide:
-increases what mineral? |
-increases serum calcium
-increase tubular absorption |
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hydrochlorothiazide
-MoA -location? -uses? -allergies! |
-inhibits NaCl reabsorption
-early distal tubule -HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -hypoK, hypoNa, hyper-glucose, lipid, uricemia, calcemia -sulfa |
hyper GLUC
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loop diuretics
-name -uses? -SE? -MoA -stimulates release of what? increases what? |
-furosemide
-edema (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulm edema), HTN, hyper calcemia -ototox, hypoK, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis, gout -inhibit Na/K/2Cl of TAL of LOH, increase Ca excretion -release prostaglandin: increase renal blood flow |
OH DANG!
Loops lose calcium |
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most dilute urine location?
most concentrated urine location? |
-ascending loop of henle, distal tubule
-collecting ducts (with ADH present) |
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secondary hyperparathyroid
-cause? -labs? |
-chronic renal failure
-low Ca, high PTH, low calcitrol |
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ACEi
-angioedema cause? -sxs? -what type of cough? |
-increase bradykinin levels
-swollen tongue, lips, eyelids, laryngeal edema, diff breathing -dry cough |
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ACEi
-contraindicated in what patients? -is true hypersensitivity common? |
-bilateral renal artery stenosis
-no |
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psychogenic polydipsia
-what test? -what happens? -electrolytes? -tx? |
-water deprivation test
-steady increase in urine osmolality, little response to vasoporessin -low serum Na, low serum osmolality -restrict water intake |
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metabolic alkalosis
-pH, HCO3, pCO2? -what causes? -what electrolyte should be checked? -low? -high? |
-high pH, high HCO3-, high CO2
-vomiting, NG tube use, diuretic use, hyperaldo -check Cl- (volume status) -if low: vomiting/NG tube -if high: diuretics or hyperaldo |
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-anion gap calculation?
-what is normal? |
Na - (Cl + HCO3)
normal: 8-12 mEq/L |
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anion gap met acidosis
-causes? |
-methanol
-uremia -DKA -paraldehyde/phenformin -Iron tables/INH -lactic acidosis -ethylene glycol (antifreeze) -salicylates |
MUD PILES
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normal anion gap met acidosis
-causes? |
-diarrhea
-glue sniffing -renal tubular acidosis -hyperchloremia |
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normal urine pH
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4.6-8
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Hemolytic uremia syndrome
-sxs? triad -what is the cause? -labs? |
-microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia
-shiga-toxin (from E. coli 0157 or Shigella) -low Hct/Hb, increased LDH, increased reticulocytes, increased bleeding time, low PLTs |
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angiomyolipoma
-what is it? -what are the components -associated with what syndrome? |
-benign renal tumor
-fat, vascular, smooth muscle -tuberous sclerosis |
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inability void despite full bladder
-injury where? |
-posterior urethra from pelvic fracture
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furosemide
-location of action |
-thick ascending loop of Henle
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thiazide
-MoA -location of action |
-inhibits NaCl reabsorption
-early distal tubule |
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