Renal

Front 1

Renal

Front 2

Matching:

Front 3

Nephritic vs. Nephrotic syndromes

Front 4

Decreased osmotic capillary pressure

Back 4

nephrotic

Front 5

Portal HTN

Back 5

Neither

Front 6

Increased glomerular capillary permeability

Back 6

Both

Front 7

Proteinuria

Back 7

Both

Front 8

Edema

Back 8

Both

Front 9

Hyperlipidemia

Back 9

nephrotic

Front 10

Hypoalbuminemia

Back 10

nephrotic

Front 11

Systemic vasospasms with HTN

Back 11

nephritic

Front 12

Glomerular damage

Back 12

Both

Front 13

Increased risk of atherosclerosis

Back 13

nephrotic

Front 14

Acute vs. Chronic Pyelonephritis (PN)

Front 15

Cause: bacterial infection

Back 15

Acute PN

Front 16

Treatment: antibiotic; push fluids; hygiene

Back 16

Acute PN

Front 17

Onset: sudden (flu-like symptoms)

Back 17

Acute PN

Front 18

Pain; fatigue

Back 18

Acute PN

Front 19

Bladder irritation

Back 19

Acute PN

Front 20

Rarely leads to ARF

Back 20

Acute PN

Front 21

Cause: bacteria along with other factors (blockage)

Back 21

Chronic PN

Front 22

Renal scarring

Back 22

Chronic PN

Front 23

Comes to medical attention late (w/ renal insufficiency already present)

Back 23

Chronic PN

Front 24

May progress to renal failure

Back 24

Chronic PN

Front 25

Loss of tubular function to concentrate urine

Back 25

Chronic PN

Front 26

Multiple choice:

Front 27

Constricting the glomerular efferent arteriole will decrease:

Back 27

Renal blood blow

Front 28

Which are the normal constituents of urine?

Back 28

Potassium

Front 29

Neurogenic bladder may be associated with:

Back 29

All of the above: UTI, Over-distention of the urinary bladder with ischemia of the bladder wall, Spinal cord injury, and Loss of bladder muscle tone

Front 30

Acute renal failure may be associated with:

Back 30

All of the above: Decreased GFR, Decreased nephron reabsorption, Necrosis of tubular epithelium, Metabolic acidosis

Front 31

All of these may be manifestations of uremia except:

Back 31

Metabolic alkalosis

Front 32

Uremia may be associated with:

Back 32

All of these: Anemia, Increased creatinine, and HTN & CHF

Front 33

Acute renal failure may be caused by:

Back 33

All of these: Hypovolemia, Toxins, Obstruction of urinary tract, End-stage liver failure

Front 34

Constriction of the glomerular afferent arteriole will decrease:

Back 34

All of these are decreased: GFR, PGC (hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary), and RBF (renal blood flow)

Front 35

Which of the following could delay the onset of end-stage renal failure

Back 35

Low protein diet

Front 36

Short answer:

Front 37

Clinical manifestation:

Back 37

Incontinence

Front 38

Site:

Back 38

Bladder

Front 39

Mechanism:

Back 39

Drug --> helps bladder to contract @ appropriate times --> control of urination --> no incontinence --> regain bladder control

Front 40

Site:

Back 40

Spinal cord

Front 41

Mechanism:

Back 41

Drug --> increased neuron activity --> increased neuron communication --> bladder receives messages to empty --> regain bladder control

Front 42

Why does anemia develop in patients with renal failure?

Back 42

Diseased kidney cannot produce erythropoietin --> no bone marrow stimulation --> no RBC production --> anemia

Front 43

List some causes of acute renal failure:

Back 43

-decreased blood flow

-hypovolemia

-exposure to certain drugs

-exposure to certain toxins

-dehydration

-heart failure

-shock

Front 44

Third spacing may develop in patients with renal disease. Give a specific cause for third spacing to develop in renal disease and the mechanism for its development.

Back 44

Cause:

Mechanism:

Front 45

Cause:

Back 45

Plaque

Front 46

Mechanism:

Back 46

Plaque --> obstruction --> fluids cannot get through --> no filtration --> back up of fluid --> increased pressure --> 3rd spacing

Front 47

Your patient is going into a coma. Give the mechanism for a patient to go into a coma for the patient with uremia.

Back 47

Uremia --> build up of urea in blood --> urea crosses blood-brain barrier --> toxicity to brain --> coma

Front 48

Systemic hypotension may develop in patients with renal failure. Give a specific cause for systemic hypotension to develop in renal failure.

Back 48

Cause:

Mechanism:

Front 49

Cause:

Back 49

Renin NOT released (inhibited)

Front 50

Mechanism:

Back 50

Renal failure --> renin not released (inhibited) --> cannot constrict blood vessels --> decreased blood pressure --> systemic hypotension

Front 51

Bleeding tendencies may develop in patients with renal failure. Give the mechanism for the development of bleeding tendencies in renal failure.

Back 51

Renal failure --> impaired synthesis of erythropoietin --> impaired platelet aggregation --> impaired clotting --> bleeding tendencies

Renal failure --> increased urea in blood --> toxic coagulation --> bleeding tendencies

Front 52

Hepatic encephalopathy

Back 52

Neither

Front 53

Increased ammomia blood levels

Back 53

Neither

Front 54

Systemic HTN

Back 54

nephritic

Front 55

Reflux

Back 55

Chronic PN

Front 56

Your patient has neurogenic bladder. Give the main clinical manifestation. Give a drug to treat it, the site of treatment, and the mechanism.

Back 56

Clinical manifestation:

Site:

Mechanism: