Renal

Front 1

Afferent Arteriole

Back 1

carry blood into the glomerulus of the nephron

Front 2

Arcuate arteries

Back 2

small vessels found at the base of the renal pyramids

Front 3

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 3

measures amount of nitrogenous waste (along with creatinine); waste products accurate in the blood when kidneys malfunction

Front 4

Bowman's capsule

Back 4

part of the filtration process; contains water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids

Front 5

calyx

Back 5

part of the collecting system adjacent to the pyramid the collects urine and is connected to the major calyx

Front 6

columns of Bertin

Back 6

bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; a prominent column of Bertin may mimic a renal mass on sonography

Front 7

Cortex

Back 7

refers to the outer parenchyma of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

Front 8

Creatinine (Cr)

Back 8

one of the laboratory tests used to measure the ability of the kidney to get rid of waste; waste products accumulate in the blood when the kidneys are malfunctioning

Front 9

Dromedary hump

Back 9

normal variant that occurs on the left kidney as a bulldog on the lateral border

Front 10

ectopic kidney

Back 10

located outside of the normal position; most often in the pelvic cavity

Front 11

efferent arteriole

Back 11

blood from this structure supplies the peritubular capillaries, which also supply the convoluted tubules

Front 12

Gerota's fascia

Back 12

another term for the renal fascia; the kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, Gerota's fascia, and pararenal fat

Front 13

glomerulus

Back 13

part of the filtration process in the kidney

Front 14

hilus

Back 14

area of the kidney here vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit

Front 15

homeostasis

Back 15

maintenance of normal body physiology

Front 16

horseshoe kidney

Back 16

congenital malformation in which both kidneys are joined together by an isthmus, most commonly at the lower poles

Front 17

hydronephrosis

Back 17

dilation of the renal collecting system

Front 18

loop of henle

Back 18

portion of a renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions; reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of henle

Front 19

major calyces (aka Infundibulum)

Back 19

receives urine from the minor calyces to convey to the renal pelvis

Front 20

medulla (aka pyramid)

Back 20

refers to the inner portion of the renal parenchyma the contains the loop of Henle

Front 21

minor calyces

Back 21

receive urine from the renal pyramids; form the border of the renal sinus

Front 22

Morrison's pouch

Back 22

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

Front 23

nephron

Back 23

functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Front 24

pyramids

Back 24

convey urine to the minor calyces

Front 25

renal agensis

Back 25

interruption in the normal development of the kidney resulting in absence of the kidney; may be unilateral or bilateral

Front 26

renal capsule

Back 26

first layer adjacent to the kidney that forms a tough fibrous covering

Front 27

renal corpuscle

Back 27

part of the nephron that consists of Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus

Front 28

renal hilum

Back 28

area in the mid portion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter

Front 29

renal sinus

Back 29

central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat, nerves, and lymphatics

Front 30

retroperitoneum

Back 30

space behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity

Front 31

specific gravity

Back 31

laboratory tests that measure how much dissolved material is present in the urine

Front 32

splaying

Back 32

widening

Front 33

tadpole sign

Back 33

seen as narrow bands of acoustic shadowing posterior to the margins of the cyst along the lateral borders of enhancement

Front 34

ureters

Back 34

retroperitoneal structures that exit the kidney to carry urine to the urinary bladder

Front 35

urethra

Back 35

small, membranous canal that excretes urine from the urinary bladder

Front 36

urinary bladder

Back 36

muscular retroperotoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine

Front 37

urolithiasis

Back 37

stone within the urinary system