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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal
AD renal disease associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages and mitral valve prolapse? |
Adult polycystic kidney disease
-cysts are not present at birth (AD diseases all have delayed manifestation) -causes HTN --> berry aneuryism leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage/intracerebral bleed -mitral valve prolaspse ("click murmur") -diverticulosis ("PT with HTN with renal abnormality who has hematochezia (mcc of hemato = diverticulosis) Dx: adult polycystic kidney dz) |
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Renal
Describe the renal filtration barrier: |
The glomerular filtration barrier is responsible for filtration of plasma according to the size and net charge.
Composed of: 1. fenestrated capillary endothelium (size barrier) 2. fused basement membrane with haparin sulfate (negative charge barrier) 3. epithelial layer consisting of podocyte foot processes |
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Renal
When is the charge of the glomerular filtration barrier lost and what does this cause? |
Lost in nephrotic syndrome:
albuminuria, hypoproteinemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia |
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Renal
Plasma volume is measured by what two compounds? |
albumin
evans blue |
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Renal
What is extracellular volume measured by? |
Mannitol and inulin
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Renal
What are all the formulas for GFR? |
GFR = UV/P if substance is not secreted or absorbed (like inulin)
FF = GFR/RPF Filtered load = GFR x plasma conc. |
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Renal
What does afferent arteriole contriction do to RPF, GFR, and FF? Efferent? Increase in plasma conc? Decrease in plasma conc? Constriction of ureter? |
RPF: decrease
GFR: decrease FF: NC Efferent: RPF: decrease GFR: increase FF: increase Increase plasma conc: RPF: NC GFR: decrease FF: decreased Decreased plasma conc RPF: NC GFR: increased FF: increased Constriction of ureter RPF: NC GFR: decreased FF: decreased |
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Renal
What is the formula for free water clearance? |
C of H20 = V - Cosm
V=urine flow rate Cosm = UosmolalityV/Posm |
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Renal
At what glucose conc is the glucose uptake receptors in the proximal tubule saturated? |
350 mg/dl
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Renal
Describe amino acid clearance in the kidney: |
There is reabsorption of AA by at least 3 different carrier systems and they each display competitive inhibition.
Also, secondary active transport occurs in the proximal tubule and is saturable |
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Renal
A pt was in a car accident. You are given his urine creatine and urea conc., and plasma creatine and urea conc. Find his GFR: |
Filtered equals excreted
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Renal
What cells secrete renin and in response to what? |
JG cells of the smooth muscle in the afferent arteriole
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Renal
What hormone in the adrenal cortex is activated by angiotensin II? |
18-hydroxylase
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Renal
What cells induce renal sympathetic discharge? |
Beta 1: causes an increase in cAMP which causes and increase in renin.
Beta2: can also cause (B2 can also be activatated with increase cAMP = vasodilation) |
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Renal
HY HY HY p.68Gs How do you calculate positive free water clearance? |
Ch2o = V - COsm
Ch2o is free water clearance V = volume of urine in mL/min COsm = obligated water = UOsm x V / Posm A positive CH2O indicates dilution (free water lost in urine): it could also indicate acute tubular necrosis and abscence of normal renal dilution/concentration Loop diuretics inhibit generation of free water. And patients with unretricted water intake can't generate free water and develop hyponatremia. |
