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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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besides increasting Na excretion, ANP...
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increases GFR
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what secretes EPO?
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endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries
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Besides vasoconstriction and aldo, Angiotensin II....
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releases ADH
increases thirst |
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what happens to Na concentration along the PT?
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stays constant
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what part of the nephron secretes ammonia?
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PT
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where on the nephron does PTH act?
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DCT
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threshold for glycosuria?
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200
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what does plasma protein do to GFR and FF?
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decreases
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Inulin is used to measure
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GFR
extracellular volume |
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how do you measure plasma volume?
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Evan's blue
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Formula for FENa?
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U/P Na divided by U/P Creatinine
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what promotes H secretion?
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aldo
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constriction of afferent arteriole leads to absorption of ___________
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Na and bicarb
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Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
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pH = pKa + log bicarb/(0.03 PCO2)
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what are Kussmaul respirations?
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increased rate and volume
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RTA Type 1?
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impaired excretion of titratable acid and NH4
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RTA Type 2?
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increased bicarb loss
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RTA Type 3?
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hypoaldo
hyperkalemia and poor excretion of NH4 |
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Differential for respiratory alkalosis?
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hyperventilation
early aspirin ingestion gram negative sepsis |
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Differential for metabolic alkalosis?
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vomiting
diuretics (contraction alkalosis) antacids hyperaldo Cushing's syndrome |
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What is Winter's formula? What is it for?
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metabolic acidosis
PCO2 = 1.5(bicarb) + 8 +/- 2 |
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compensation for metabolic alkalosis?
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PCO2 increases 0.7 for every 1 mEq bicarb
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acute compensation for respiratory acidosis?
chronic? |
1 mEq increase in bicarb for every 10 increase in PCO2
3.5 increase in bicarb for every 10 |
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acute compensation for respiratory alkalosis?
chronic? |
2 mEq decrease in bicarb for every 10 drop in PCO2
5 decrease in bicarb for evey 10 drop in PCO2 |
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horseshoe kidney gets stuck under the __________
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IMA
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granular casts signify...
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ATN
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RBC casts indicate
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glomerular inflammation
ischemia malignant HTN |
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pyuria and hematura, but not white cell casts?
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cystitis
(casts indicate renal origin) |
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what is the nephritic syndrome?
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hematuria
HTN oliguria azotemia |
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peripheral and periorbital edema?
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acute post-strep GN
the nephrotic syndrome |
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ANCA positive GN?
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RPGN (crescentic)
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Type I and II membranoproliferative GN?
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Type I: subendothelial deposits
Type II: dense deposits in GBM |
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subendothelial humps, tram track?
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membranoproliferative GN
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slow progression to renal failure?
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membranoproliferative GN
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mild, post-infectious?
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IgA nephropathy
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lumpy bumpy, granular, subepithelial humps?
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acute post-strep GN
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periphery of glomerulus, PAS+?
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules in diabetes
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GN characteristic of HIV and IV drug abusers?
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FSGS
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basement membrane thickening?
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membranous GN
diabetic nephropathy |
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membrane thickening,
subepithelial spike and dome? |
membranous GN
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PAS + electron dense deposits
renal vein thrombosis teenagers, young adults? |
membranous GN
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strong negative birefringence?
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uric acid stones
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yellow brown hexagonal cystals?
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cystine stones
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secondary polycythemia?
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RCC
APKD |
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WAGR complex?
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presents with Wilm's tumor
Wilm's tumor Aniridia Genitourinary mental/motor Retardation |
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sparing of the glomeruli/vessels?
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pyelonephritis
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corticomedullary scarring
thyroidization of the kidney? |
pyelonephritis
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causes of diffuse cortical necrosis?
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obstetic catastrophies
septic shock |
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flea-bitten kidney?
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TTP/HUS
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causes of ATN?
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renal ischemia
crush injury toxins(ethylene glycol) |
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metabolic __________ occurs with acute renal failure
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acidosis
(less excretion of acid, less generation of bicarb) |
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acute renal failure is due to _________
chronic renal failure is due to ___________ and __________ |
hypoxia
HTN and diabetes |
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what electrolyte disturbances cause arrhythmias?
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low or high K
low Mg |
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what electrolyte disturbances cause neuromuscular irritability?
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low Ca or Mg
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when does low serum Cl- occur?
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secondary to metabolic alkalosis
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high levels of what causes delerium?
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Na
Ca Mg |
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high ________ causes metastatic calcification and renal stones.
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PO4
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high ___________ causes decreased DTRs and cardiopulmonary arrest
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Mg
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death during initial oliguric phase?
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ATN
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polygonal clear cells?
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RCC
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paraneoplastic syndromes of RCC?
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EPO
ACTH PTHrP prolactin |
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which kidney stones are radiopaque?
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calcium and struvite
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anti-DNase B, anti-cationic protease?
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Acute post-strep GN
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normal anion gap acidosis?
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diarrhea
RTA glue sniffing hyperchloremia |
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what are Kussmaul respirations for?
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DKA
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what happens in a mixed alkalosis or acidosis?
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bicarb is as predicted
PCO2 is opposite of what you would expect |
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what secretes renin?
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JG cells
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what is an approximate measure of GFR?
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creatinine clearance
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negative charge barrier in the glomerulus?
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heparan sulfate
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ureter passes posterior to the ....
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ductus in males, uterine a. in females
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which arteries supply the glomeruli?
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interlobular
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everything but collecting system forms form what mesoderm?
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metanephric
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urinary tract analgesic that turns urine orange-red?
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phenazopyridine
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