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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much cardiac output do both kidneys receive?
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25%
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How much blood does kidney filter?
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all of it
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Main job for the kidney?
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remove metabolic wastes extreted through the urine Na+ is reabsorbed keep what you want and get rid of extra
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What are the kidneys endocrine functions?
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Produces erythropoietin (RBC synthesis) makes renin (BP and volume maintenance) activated vitamin D 1,25 hydroxylation also deals w Ca+
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What is the hilium?
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Medial border of the kidney site where renal veins and arteris enter and the renal pelvis exsists
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Where does the ureter originate?
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the pelvis
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What is the capsule surrounding the kidney made of?
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connective tissue and 2 layers of sm muscle inner (myofibroblasts) outer (fibroblasts and collagen)
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Pyramids
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cone shape in medullary tissue
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column
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cortical tissue contained i nmedulla extra flows out (ice cream)
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What is mostly found in the medulla?
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collecting tubules and collecting ducts
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The cortex is identified by its
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renal corpuscles and PCT
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pyramids are also known as
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lobes+ surrounding cortex tissue, they go into lobules which is CD and CT and all the nephrons it drains
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How does fetal kidney develop?
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Starts w medulla and tissues grows and squishes togther get nice smooth outer and the lobes/lobules squish together each column w associated pyramid next to it
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Which has more blood supply cortex or medulla?
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cortex so appears more reddish brown
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What is found in the cortex?
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Renal corpsucles, convoluted and straight tubules of nephron, collecting ducts, and vascular supply
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Whats is in the medulla?
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straight tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta
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What are medullary rays?
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In the medulla with only straight tubules they are perpendicular to the cortical, one direction to renal pelvis
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What surrounds medullary rays?
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Cortical labryinths of RC, convulted tubules
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What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
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filtration apparatus filters blood to get rid of waste and keep protein/albumins
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Where is renal corpuscle located?
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beginning of nephron and found in cortex only!
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Renal corpuscle consists of
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glomerulus and bowmans capsule
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describe the glomerulus
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afferent capillaries enter leave as efferent capillaries are fenestrated so have gaps
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Describe the bowmans capsule
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2 layers parietal thin squamos epith, makes a cup for all coming out to catch in continuous w cuboidal w PCT , other layer= visceral of all cells individual podocytes w foot processes and slits hugging endothelial of glomerulus outer layer of filtration apparatus
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What is the vascular pole or the renal corpuscle?
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afferent and efferent artioles penetrate the bomwman's capsule
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What is the urinary pole of renal corpuscle?
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proximal convulted tubule begins
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Wheres is filtratoin caught?
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Parietal layer of bowmans
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What does the vascular pole have?
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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What does the visceral layer have?
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podocytes
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How are podocytes function?
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attache to basement membrane of endothelialy cells of glomerulus and allow small particles through
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Minimal-change idsease
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effacement of foot processes so large proteins get through
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Describe the filtration apparatus
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endothelial fenestrations, basement membrane, filtration slits
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What is Good Pasteurs disease?
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antibody against type IV collagen needed for basement membrane
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Proximal convoluted tubule epithelium is
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simple cuboidal
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Specific characteristics of PCT
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long microvilli on lumen sie, star shaped lumen, larger cell diameter than DCT
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What does the nephron loop have
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simple squamos or low cuboidal and a large lumen in the medullary rays, permeable to Na+ creating the hypertonic tissue fluid
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DCT characteristics
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1/3 long as PCT, clean round lumen more nuclei than PCT, reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+. reabs bicarb and secrete ammonium
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what makes up the JXT apparatus
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macula densa, juxt cells in afferent arteriole..in the DCT all the nuclei in macula densa part of jxt
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DCT are
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salt sensing cells tell juxt to incr so they reabs Na and water follows incr water in vascular
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simple epithelium flat cells get
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thicker as go to cortex bc more to collecting ducts to handle, thick cuboidal
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two distinct cell types in collecting tubules and ducts
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principal (light) and intercalated cells (dark)
principal- where ADH acts w aquaporin channels intercalates- H+ and bicarb secreted |
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Explain the renal blood supply
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: artery and vein enter at pelvis..arcuate, interlob, interlob concentrate in cortex afferent branch of interlob that’s why cortex has all blood supply
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Why does cortex have more blood supply?
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arcuate arteries course in between cortex and medulla give rise to interolobular which concentrate in cortex
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Interlobular arteries give off
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branches, afferent arterioles, one to each glomerulus
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efferent arterioles branch to form
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peritubular capillaries
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What is the arteriole rectae?
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efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary corpuscles descending into medullary pyramid; Ascend as venulae rectae
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arteriole rectae and venule rectae make the
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vasa recta forming the countercurrent exchange
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Function of the papilla/calyx
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removale/stroage of urine
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Papilla is the point of the
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pyramid drains into minor calyx and becomes major calyx
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What are the major calyxs?
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branches from the renal pelvis
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what do the 3 U's have?
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transitional epitherlium specialized for transfer and storage
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What is the area of cribrosa?
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where ducts open to free space
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What is also in common w 3 U's
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mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
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What is the flow of urine?
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area cribroa-->minor calyx-->major calyx-->renal pelvis-->ureter-->urinary bladder--> voide through urethra
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What is the sm muscle layer in the U's
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2 layers inner is longitudinal and outer is circular sm muscle parallel bundles mixed w CT
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What is the ureter?
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parid tubular structures convery urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
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What shape does ureter make
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star-shaped lumina
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Describe the urinary bladder
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reservoir for urine, 3 openings 2 for ureter and one for urethra..
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what is the trigone?
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3 openings, smooth and constant thickness
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What does the smooth muscle from the bladder form?
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detrusor muscle
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What does the detrusor muscle do?
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contraction compresses the organ nd forces urine to urethra
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male urethre has how many segments
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3, 20 cm long
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What about females urethra
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3-5 cm
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