Renal 18

Front 1

so na was important for...
K is important for...

**where are they located

Back 1

OSM, ECF
resting membrane potential, in the cell

Front 2

what 3 hormones control K levels

Back 2

1. EPI
2. Insulin
3. ALDO

Front 3

how does EPI affect K

Back 3

it depends on the receptor!

a: K moves out of cell

b: K moves into the cell. stim Na/K to bring K into the cell

Front 4

insulin and EPI (beta) both do what

Back 4

stim Na/K

**bring K into the cell (hypokalemia)

Front 5

what does insulun do to K

Back 5

stim intake into cells after a meal by acting on Na/K ATPase

**same as EPI on b2

Front 6

what does ALDO do to K

Back 6

increased Uptake into TUBULE cells, excretion of K

**stim Na/K ATPase

Front 7

what hormone increased K excretion

Back 7

ALDO, bring k into the proximal tubule cells

Front 8

what happens to K in acidic conditions

Back 8

H moven into the cell, K moves out

**hyperkalemia

Front 9

what happens to K in basic condition

Back 9

Move H out of the cell, K moved into the cell

**hypokalemia

Front 10

acidosis goes along with what state of K?

Back 10

hyperkalemia

*H moves into cell, K moves out

Front 11

alkalosis goes along with what state of K

Back 11

Hypokalemia

H moves out of cell, K moves into cell

Front 12

other than the hormones (EPI, ALDO, insulin) do any toher factors affect K

Back 12

1. Acid base, K moves opposite H

2. Exercise
3. Hyperosmolarity

*exercise and hyperosm both move K OUT of the cell

Front 13

do k levels are dependent on what we eat. Does the amt of K we eat alter the transport of K in the PCt nad LOH

Back 13

nope!

*changes in the DCT and CD

Front 14

where in the nephron is K transport constant? where does it alter

Back 14

constnact at PCT and LOH

altered at DCT and CD

Front 15

what % of K is reabs at PCT? ascendign limb

Back 15

67%
20%

Front 16

if you increase flow rate (V) what hapens to K

Back 16

increase flow --> increase loss. no matter what it is that is increasing flow

Front 17

is it more common to reabs to secrete K? what is the control

Back 17

secrete!

ALDO helps us secrete is (as we reabs Na). More K can be secreted than is filtered
**only when diets are REALLY low in K do we reabs. but this is not usually the case

Front 18

T or F

we can secrete more K than is filtered

Back 18

T

ALDO allows this at the DCT

Front 19

where does K reabs take place when diet is K poor

Back 19

67% PCT
20% Ascending limp LOH

rest! DCT and CD

Front 20

what cell in the DCT allows K reabs

Back 20

a intercalated

**H is secreted nad K is taken into the cell (apical)

*H/K ATPase Antiport

Front 21

what apical transported in a intercalated cell allows K reabs

Back 21

K/H ATPase Antiport

Front 22

when k is reabs what other ion is moved

Back 22

a intercalated cells

**K enters the cell, H enters the lumen of the nephron

*K/H ATPase ANtiport

Front 23

when diet is high in K what happens

Back 23

secretino!

ALDO

Basolateral Na/K ATPase lets Na reabs and K secretion. DCT and CD

Front 24

so K reabs takes place in what cell? what cess for secretion

Back 24

reabs: a intercalated, H/K antiport
secretion: principal, Na/K (princilally K is secreted as Na is reabs)

Front 25

how is K secreted

Back 25

in the principal cells of the DCT

**basolateral Na/K ATPase takes K from blood inthe the cell and then it follows its conc gradient into the lumen

Front 26

how does aldo help K secretion

Back 26

stim Na/K atpase on basolateral to bring k from blood to principal cell in the DCT

also stim K transporters on apical side so K follows conc grad into the lumen

Front 27

what does a decrease in plasma volume do to K?

Back 27

stim secretion

plasma volume decrease --> renin ANG II ALDO --> aldo increases Na reabs and K secretion

Front 28

what 2 ways do diuretics work

Back 28

1. increase GFR (xanthines)
2. decrease reabs of electrolytes

Front 29

what class of diuretics work primarily by increasing GFR

Back 29

xanthines

Front 30

when are diuretics used

Back 30

to look skinny duh!! jk They make you pee and loose water

-when ECF volume is too high (CHF)
- promote na loss and water loss (HTN)

Front 31

what are the 2 strongest diruretics, weakest

Back 31

1. Loop, strongest
2. thiazides

3. Carbonic Anhydrace inhibitors, weak

Front 32

name the 5 types of diuretics

Back 32

1. osmotic
2. loop
3. thiazide
4. carbonic anhydrase
5. aldo antagonists

Front 33

what is a K sparring diuretic

Back 33

Aldo Antagonists

Front 34

what is an example of an osmotic diuretic, how do they work

Back 34

1. mannitol, excess glucose

**sits in the PCT and draws water in. cnt be reabs

**caiuses Na, K, water loss

Front 35

what class of diuretics act on the PCT

Back 35

osmotic

**glucose, mannitol, sit in PCT and draw water, k, and Na in for excretino

Front 36

what are 2 types of loop diuretics? are they strong

Back 36

florosemide (lasix)

ethacrynic acid

**STRONGEST class of diuretics

*blocks Na/K/2Cl in ascending limb

Also block Ca and Mg reabs

Front 37

how do loop diuretics work?

Back 37

block Na/K/2Cl in the ascending limb

*block NaCla reabs, those sit in the lumen and draw water in

*also block Ca and Mg reabs

Front 38

what class of diuretics block the Na/K/Cl2

Back 38

loop diuretics

**work on teh ascending limb

**also block Ca and Mg reabs

Front 39

what is the general mech behind diuretics blocking reabs of salts

Back 39

water follows the salt, block the salt from leaving the water stays and is excreted

Front 40

what else other than NaCl is blocked for reabs with loop diuretics

Back 40

Ca Mg

Front 41

what do loop diuretics do to the countercurrent multiplier

Back 41

decrease it

**hard to dilute or conc urine

Front 42

what do loop diurtics do to solutes

Back 42

increase their transport to the DCT and eventual excretion

*NaCl, Ca Mg, Water all are excreted in the urine

Front 43

volume depletion as well as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnusia can all occur with what diuretic

Back 43

loop

Front 44

with loop diuretics is urine conc or diulte

Back 44

hard to dilute or conc urine bc the countercurrent multiplier is all messed up

Front 45

where do thiazide diuretics work

Back 45

inhibits NaCl reabs at early Distal Tubule

**NaCl co transpotr into the cell is inhibited

Front 46

thiazides affect what ions

Back 46

Block NaCl and K abd

**STIM Ca reabs

Front 47

what diuretic causes Ca to be released? retained?

Back 47

released loop
retianed: thiazide

Front 48

what is Spironolactone

Back 48

ALDO antagonist diuretic

**ALDO causes Na reabs, if you block ALDO you block Na reabs in the CD

Front 49

ALDO diuretics do what?

Back 49

block ALDO so na isnt reabs, in this makker K is anso NOT secreted

**can be given with other diuretics to prevent K loss

Front 50

what can be done to prevent the K loss that is seen with diuretics (thiazide, loop, osmotic all loose K)

Back 50

give them an ALDO agonist, prevents Na reabs and K secretion

*Spironolactone