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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition acute renal failure |
Sudden reversible impairment of function, causing retention nitrogen substances, hypervolemia, electrolyte and acid base imbalance |
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Symptoms acute renal failure |
Oligoanuria N,v, maybe d from uremic gastritis or colitis Fatigue exhaustion loss appetite and w S- anxiety confusion somnolence drowsy coma |
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PE aki |
Impaired gen, kussmaul breathing, pale skin, cold swest Tongue yellow/brown Bp hr depend on cause |
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Lab aki |
Proteinuria and erythrocyteuria Specific gravity urine Leukkcyteuria if i fection Osmolarity- +500mosm/l prerenal, -300 if acute tubular necrosis High creatinine, BUN, uric acid Hyperkalemia Decompensated metabolic acidosis Blood- mikd anaemia from water retention |
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Instrument aki |
Ab ultrasound Ecg-high t wide qrs if hyperkalemia X ray lungs-congestion Others for primary disease |
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Complications aki |
Uremic coma Pulmonary cerebral oedema Cardiac arrest Pericarditis Vuln to infections |
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Ckd definition |
Progressive irreversible impairment function reducing clearance of N and hormones rtc leading to gen intoxication misbalance electrolys and a b |
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Etio ckd |
Chronic glomerulonephritis Diabetes, amyloidosis, lupus Uncontrolled hypertension |
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Symptoms ckd |
Fatigue exhaustion headache Muscle weakness loss w and a Thirst nocturia Itching from uric acid Bone pain hypocalcemia from less vit d Hypertension and ihd Peripheral neuropathy Erectile dysfunction less libido amenorrhea |
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PE CKD |
Impaired ge, kussmaul Reduced muscle fat and tissue Dirty pale colour skin, dehydrated Yellow brown tongue Odour urine Arterial hypertension increased hr |
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Lab ckd |
Increased creatinine uric acid urea Hypocalcemia hyperphosphatemia Decompensated metabolic acidosis Anaemia Urine protein rbc wbc Urine culture, specific gravity Total protein, albumin Increased sr alpha amylase |
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Instrumental ckd |
Ab us nephrosclerosis- kidneys less than 9cm narroed parenchymal zone less 14 mm Renal biopsy Ecg echo x ray |
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Definition acute glomerulonephritis |
Acute diffuse immune inflammation of both kidneys affecting gbm mesangium and capillary endothelium |
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Etio acute glomerulonephritis |
Strep group a m form immune complexes on gbm and mesangium cause loval inflamm w/ stasis and prolif of endothelia and mesangial cells and infiliteation w/ leukocytes and monocytes |
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Symptoms acute glomerulonephritis |
10-14 days after pharyngitis Oli/anuria from reduced gfr Hypervolemia-oedema, hypertension Impaired clearance and reg a b electrolytedls Fatigue exhaustion confusuon loss appetitie headache n v d w loss Macroscopic hematuria Tenderness lumbar region Poss fever |
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Pe acute glomerulonephritis |
Impaired gen Periorbital oedema, swollen legs Yellow brown tongue w/odour Heart-n/bradycardia high bp |
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Lab acute glomerulonephritis |
Increasdd wb sr crp Urine-high specific gravity, proteinuria hematuria Increased creatinine urea uric acid k Increased ast |
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Instrumental acute glomerulonephritis |
Ab us kidneys enlarged w/ diffuse structural changes Ecg x ray, echo Opthalmoscopy ct if suspected cerebral oedema |
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Complications acute glomerulonephritis |
Pulm/cerebral oedema Uremic coma Chronic, usually mesangioprolif Subacute glomerulonephritis |
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Etio subacute glomerulonephritis |
Rapidly progressive autoimmune Infection hep b/c hiv syphillis malaria |
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Definition chronic glomerulonephritis |
Chronic progressive diffuse immune inflammations of both kidneys damaging the gbm and mesangium leading to irreversivle and progressive renal failure |
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Chronic membranous glomerulonephritis etio |
Infections, usual Tumors cancer lymphoma Autoimmune dksesse Drugs lithium mercury |
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Symptoms chronic membranous glomerulonephritis and diagnosis |
Severe oedema from proteinuria Malaise fatigye exhaustion Biopsy-spur like subepithelia depositions gbm |
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Chronic mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis |
Arterial hypertension and hematuria Massive haematuris moderate proteinuria Icreased sr crp often ast Mild iron deficiency anaemia |
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Nephrolithiasis stone classification |
Oxalates Uric acid Struvite Cystein |
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Predisp nephrolithiasis |
Hyperuricemia-gout metabolic syndrome chronic renal failure Cysteinuria hereditsry Distal tubular acidosis |
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Symptoms nephrolithiasis |
Renal colic-sudden harsh pain lumbar region props to bladder Hematuria N v fatigue Pain burning urination if stone in bladder or cystitis |
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Lab nephrolithiasis |
Urine rbc mild proteinuria Blood count sr normal unless infection Creatine uric acid usually n |
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Instrumental nephrolithiasis |
Ab us X ray roentgen positive stones oxakates phosphates cystreinq Roentgen neg (uric acid) by venous urography Ph urine Chemical analyisis stones |
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Complications nephrolithiasis |
Hydronephrosis Infections If both ureters obstructed urine retention aki |
