Renaissance Vocabulary

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Mercenary

Back 1

Soliders who sold their services to the highest bidder

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Urban Society

Back 2

A society that is typical of modern industrial civilization and diverse in cultural tradition, that emphasizes secular values, and is individualized rather than unified

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Secular

Back 3

Worldly

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Dowry

Back 4

A sum of money given by the wife's family to the husband upon marriage

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Leonardo Da Vinci

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A famous painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician during the renaissance

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Francesco Sforza

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Conquered the city of Milan and became the new duke. Led a band of mercenaries. Worked to build a strong centralized state by creating efficient tax systems that generated enormous revenues for the government

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Cosimo de Medici

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Took control of the city of Florence in 1434 and his family handled government behind the scenes and used their wealth to rule during Florence's golden age.

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Lorenzo de Medici

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Grandson of Cosimo de Medici and dominated the city during Florence's golden age.

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Niccolo Machiavelli

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Wrote the book The Prince, which influenced political power in the Western World.

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Humanism

Back 10

Based on the study of the classics, or the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

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Fresco

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A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

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Petrarch

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Considered the father of Italian Renaissance humanism and fostered its development. He searched for forgotten Latin manuscripts and set in motion a search for Latin manuscripts throughout Europe. Also placed emphasis on using classical Latin rather than medieval Latin.

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Dante

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Wrote famous novels in vernacular (the language spoken in their own regions— Italian, German, French) like Divine Comedy and Dante's Inferno

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Michelangelo

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An accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect.

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Chaucer

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An English author that made vernacular more popular with the Canterbury Tales

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Christian Humanism

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A movement, also known as the Northern Renaissance humanism, that wanted to reform the Catholic Church. Christian humanists believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves. Believed that to change society they must first change the humans that make it up.

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Salvation

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Acceptance into heaven

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Indulgence

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Release from all part of the punishment for sin

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Martin Luther

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Began the Reformation in the early 16th century and started the Lutheran Church in Germany

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Predestination

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God determined in advance who would be saved and who would be damned

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Annul

Back 21

Declare invalid

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John Calvin

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A Frenchman who converted to Protestantism and published the Institutes of the Christian Religion, which made him a leader of Protestantism.

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Henry VIII

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A king of England from 1509-1547 who broke with the Catholic Church to divorce his wife

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Ignatius of Loyola

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A Spanish nobleman who founded the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). They helped spread the Christian message through education and declared absolute obedience to the pope

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Ulrich Zwingli

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A priest in Zürich who influenced the Zürich city council to introduce religious reforms