Renaissance And Protestant Reformation

Front 1

Patron

Back 1

a financial supporter of the arts
example: Cosimo's grandson Lorenzo

Front 2

Humanism

Back 2

focused on worldly subjects rather than on the religious issues of medival thinkers

Front 3

Perspective

Back 3

the way something is viewed, making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer, making scenes 3-dimensional

Front 4

The Book of Courtier

Back 4

written by Baldassare Castiglione, it describes manners, skills, learning, and virtues that a member of the court should have

Front 5

The Prince

Back 5

written by Niccolo Machiavelli, used personal experience and knowledge of the past to guide rulers on how to gain and maintain power

Front 6

The Praise of Folly

Back 6

written by Erasmus, he uses humor to expose the ignorant and immoral behavior of many people in his lifetime

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Utopia

Back 7

written by Thomas More, it described an ideal society - everyone is educated and lives in harmony

Front 8

Don Quixote

Back 8

written by Miguel de Cervantes, mocks the romantic notions of medieval chilvalry

Front 9

Theocracy

Back 9

government run by religious leaders

Front 10

Ghetto

Back 10

a portion of the city that minority groups were forced to live in

Front 11

Scapegoat

Back 11

someone or something that is accused of doing something wrong so that people have someone to blame

Front 12

Predestination

Back 12

the belief that God has already decided where you are going to go after you die

Front 13

Annul

Back 13

canceling a marriage

Front 14

Recant

Back 14

to withdraw a statement

Front 15

Vernacular

Back 15

the common language of a certain place

Front 16

Hypothesis

Back 16

a possible explanation for something

Front 17

Canonized

Back 17

when a deceased person is said to be a saint

Front 18

Heliocentric

Back 18

theory that the sun is the center of the universe

Front 19

Inquisition

Back 19

charging and trying someone of heresy

Front 20

Martin Luther

Back 20

denounced Church abuses, rejected 5 of the 7 sacraments and believed that the Pope was not the only person who could interpret the bible.

Front 21

John Calvin

Back 21

set up theocracy and believed that the bible should be taken literally

Front 22

King Henry VIII

Back 22

wanted to end papal control over the Church and caused the break of the Catholic Church. he denounced Martin Luther

Front 23

William Shakespeare

Back 23

author of many famous plays and stories

Front 24

Indulgence

Back 24

money was paid to the church to buy a piece of paper that people were led to believe lessened the time they and/or their dead loved ones would have to wait to get into heaven

Front 25

Johann Gutenberg

Back 25

used a printing press to print bibles and worked with movable type processes

Front 26

Sacraments

Back 26

acts preformed by the Church and its members. and example would be baptism

Front 27

Nicolaus Copernicus

Back 27

proposed the idea of a heliocentric universe

Front 28

Johannes Kepler

Back 28

calcuated the orbits that the planets traveled around the sun

Front 29

Galileo Galilei

Back 29

agreed with Nicolaus Copernicus. he was forced to publically agree that he was wrong and that the earth was at the center of the universe

Front 30

Robert Boyle

Back 30

discovered how to distinguish between individual elements and chemical compounds

Front 31

Francis Bacon

Back 31

stressed experimentation and observation

Front 32

Rene Descarte

Back 32

thought human reasoning was the best way to understanding

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Isaac Newton

Back 33

proposed the idea that nature follows uniform laws and identified the force of why the planets moved as gravity

Front 34

Peace of Augsburg

Back 34

a treaty that ended the struggle between two religious groups; Lutheran and Catholic

Front 35

Charles V

Back 35

protected Martin Luther from execution as a heretic even though he opposed him

Front 36

Frederick of Saxony

Back 36

believeing he was wrongly persecuted, he took Martin Luther into his custody after the Diet of Worms outlawed him.

Front 37

Diet of Worms

Back 37

addressed the issue of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

Front 38

Huguenot

Back 38

known as members of the reformed church in France

Front 39

John Knox

Back 39

leader of the Protestant Reformation

Front 40

Johann Tetzel

Back 40

accused of selling indulgences so that enough money could be raised for St. Peter's Basilica