Relt-105: Religious Background

Front 1

The Sanctuary

Back 1

• a portable structure around which people gathered together to worship
• It was ministered by the priestly family of the tribe of Levi

Front 2

Regular Priests

Back 2

attended the daily ministries in the Atrium, and the Holy Place

Front 3

High Priests

Back 3

• attended the yearly ministries in the Most Holy Place
• As the ultimate religious figure he was consulted by the public and the king for religious and even political counsel

Front 4

Israelite Camp & Tabernacle: North

Back 4

Naphatali, Dan and Asher

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Israelite Camp & Tabernacle: East

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Issachar, Judah and Zebulum

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Israelite Camp & Tabernacle: South

Back 6

Rueben, Simeon and Gad

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Israelite Camp & Tabernacle: West

Back 7

Manasseh, Benjamin and Ephraim

Front 8

What is in the Atrium?

Back 8

Bronze Alter and Laver

Front 9

What is in the Holy Place?

Back 9

Table of Shewbread, Altar of Incense and Menorah

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What is in the Most Holy Place?

Back 10

Ark of the Covenant

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Solomon's Temple

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• a portable sanctuary was replaced by a permanent temple structure designed by King David and built by King Solomon
• located in Jerusalem (King David designed the whole building)
• The temple because closely tied to national identity and became the pride of the Jews
• They believed that as long as the Temple would stand they were assured of God's presence and secure from foreign oppression.
• In 586 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon invaded Israel for the second time. Some Jews fled to the Temple but it was destroyed including the people who took refuge in it; Daniel was taken into Babylon with 10,000 other Jews

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Torah

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• Religion could no longer be centered in the Temple
• The new religion shifted to a new center: the Torah (the law)
• Old Testament writings functioned as a surrogate temple

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Synagogues

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• emerged as one of the new religious centers. People gathered in the newly established synagogues mainly to listen to the reading of Scripture.
• became the center for religious and educational training.
• However, the synagogue did not overshadow the importance of the temple as the central place for religious worship.
• About 18 B.C. King Herold constructed a new temple, which soon gave the nation a renewed sense of identity and source or pride. This is the temple mentioned in the time of Jesus in the New Testament Gospels.

Front 14

Who are the sects that are mentioned in the Bible?

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Pharisees, Sadducees and Zealots

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Pharisees

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(the scholarly sect) considered the maximum exponents of Scriptures interpreted Scripture literally; they believed in the foreordination and the resurrection

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Sadducees

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(the priestly and most political sect) believed only in the five books of Moses, rejected the notion of the resurrection; but emphasized the role of human involvement in moral, social and political issues

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Zealots

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were a violent group; they believed in force, uprisings and rebellion against oppression. They targeted top ranking Jewish religious leaders, key Roman officials, and any Jew that showed loyalty to the Romans

Front 18

Who are the sects that are not mentioned in the Bible?

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Essenes, Apocalypticists and Fourth Philosophy

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Essenes

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were critical of the religious establishment. They believed that only moral, physical and ceremonial purity could save Israel. They withdrew to the wilderness thinking they would draw closer to God.

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Apocalypticists

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were an indifferent group, passively looking signs of the end awaiting God's intervention and vindication

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Fourth Philosophy

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was a group of willing martyrs hoping that through their sacrifice they would awake God from his apparent slumber and thus bring salvation to Israel

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Who are the outsiders?

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Gentiles, People of the Land and Shepherds

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Gentiles

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this group comprised people who were not born Jews. They were considered worthless in the sight of God

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People of the Land

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This group comprised the masses of the Jewish people. They were considered ignorant of the Torah.

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Shepherds

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Most shepherds were illiterate and considered untrustworthy tale tellers and not seriously religious, they couldn't read the Torah

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Women

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Most women were illiterate and their testimony as well as the shepherd's was not accepted in synagogues or courts of law. Even when literate, they were forbidden from reading the Torah

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Publicans & Tax Collectors

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• Most tax collectors were Jews who worked for the Roman Government. They were, therefore, considered traitors
• They were hated

Front 28

Samaritans

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were considered a mixed breed (Jews & pagans) with unorthodox beliefs.

Front 29

What was the Jews' first worship center?

Back 29

The Sanctuary

Front 30

Who was in charge of the Holy Place and its services?

Back 30

Any priest

Front 31

Who was in charge of the Most Holy Place and its services?

Back 31

High Priests

Front 32

With Solomon's Temple destroyed, the ___ served as a surrogate temple.

Back 32

Torah

Front 33

After the Jews were taken into exile the ___ emerged as one of their new religious centers.

Back 33

Synagogue

Front 34

Who build the first temple?

Back 34

King Solomon

Front 35

They did not believe in resurrection.

Back 35

Sadducees

Front 36

They were the priests and were the most political groups of all the Jewish sects.

Back 36

Sadducees

Front 37

Which section of Scripture did the Sadducees accept as ultimate authority?

Back 37

five Books of Moses

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Bronze Altar

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also called Alter of Sacrifice
• Used for the regular priests to due his daily rituals. A lamb was placed there in the morning and in the afternoon, burned continually, WHY? Because it represented God putting himself as a sacrifice.

Front 39

Laver

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also called lavicer or water basin
• provided there for the ritual of cleansing. Used by the high priest to wash his hands and feet before he entered the holy place, it was symbolized by cleanliness

Front 40

Table of Shewbread

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had 12 bread cakes in piles of six and each cake represented one of the Jewish tribes

Front 41

Altar of Incense

Back 41

used to odorize the place because there was sprinkling of blood that divided the two rooms, used to burn material that when it was burned it have off a pleasant odor

Front 42

Menorah

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also called the lamp stand
• it was the instrument used to illuminated the sanctuary because it had no windows, only an entrance not a door

Front 43

Ark of Covenant

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only the high priests could enter
• it was a box, inside is where the 10 commandments were housed, 2 tablets that were given to Moses, written by God himself

Front 44

What are the three areas that the Sanctuary was divided into?

Back 44

The Atrium, the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place