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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was SE founded by in what publication? |
Joseph Fletcher in his 1963 work 'Situation Ethics, the New Morality' |
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What are the three kinds of ethical theory? |
LEGALISTIC: Set of prefabricated rules. Judaism and Christianity have legalistic traditions; Judaism based on Halakah oral tradition; Christianity based on natural law/commandments. Choking web of laws as complexities not accounted for. ANTIMONIAN: Spontaneity; ad hoc. Every situation is unique. No principles "[Antimonian ethics] follow no forecastable course from one situation to another. They are, exactly, anarchic - i.e. without a rule" SITUATION: Based on love > rules. Enter dilemma with rules, but be prepared to be flexible. Apply Agape, 6 fundamental principles and 4 presumptions to it. "The situationist follows a moral rule or violates it according to love's need" Roots in New Testament; "Christ Jesus ... abolished the law with its commandments and legal claims" (Ephesians 2:13-15) |
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6 fundamental principles? |
1) "Only one thing is intrinsically good; namely love: nothing else at all" - Love from the action is good not the actual action itself. 2) "The ruling norm of Christian decision is love: nothing else" - Jesus replaced Torah with the principle of love, e.g. when he healed woman from evil spirits in Luke 13:10-17. Love replaces law. 3) "Love and justice are the same, for justive is distributed, nothing else" - The two entities can't be sepped from each other as justice is love at work for community 4) "Love wills the neighbour's good, whether we like him or not" - Love is not a matter of feeling, but the attitude of the will of other person. EVERYONE is a neighbour. Idea of Agape; nothing expected in return. 5) "Only the end justifies the means, nothing else" - End must be the most loving result. First thing to think about first 6) "Love's decisions are made situationally, not prescriptively" - Jesus distanced self from Jewish groups that lived within rule based systems. Must face situation THEN decide |
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4 presumptions? |
PRAGMATISM: For something to be moral, it must work. More practical to save one conjoined twin rather than let both die as letting one live has more use. RELATIVISM: Rules don't always apply; it depends on the situation, but it MUST be relative to christian love - "it relativizes the absolute, it does not absolutize the relative" - It doesn't mean anything goes POSITIVISM: SE disagrees with Kant and Natural Law that reason can uncover the right course of action. You actually have to start with a +ve choice to do good. No rational answer to 'Why should I love?' PERSONALISM: People> rules. "There are no 'values' in the sense of inherent goods - value is what happens to be something when it happens to be useful to love working for the sake of other persons" |
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Compatibility to other Christian approaches? |
CONTEXTUALISM: Paul Lehmann wrote 'Ethics in a Christian Context' in 1963. "Christian ethics is not concerned with the good, but what I, as a believer in Jesus Christ, and as a member of his church am to do" "the church ... is the fellowship - creating reality of Christ's presence in the world" Incorporate religion into it more, and decide with the church. PROPORTIONALISM: |
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FOR SE |
-"love thy neighbour"; healed woman from evil spirits in Luke 13:10-17 -Allows people to take responsibility for own actions and make up own minds about right and wrong. -"ethic for humanity come of age" by Bishop Robinson -Relativist |
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AGAINST SE |
-"[no] prefabricated judgement; you - just you - have to make the right decision" William Barclay, (Ethics in a Permissive Society, 1980) Freedom can be license for selfishness or cruelty. May not have all facts. -"an individualistic and subjective appeal to the concrete circumstances of actions to justify decisions in opposition to the natural law or God's revealed will" (Pope Pius XII, 1952) -"[it would only work] if all men were angels (William Barclay) |
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APPLYING SE TO WAR. |
xfgdrtyte |
