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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jeremy Bentham's quote on human motivations? Date and Publication? |
"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters; pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to ... determine what we shall do" Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789 |
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Jeremy Bentham's quote on principle of utility? Date and Publication? |
"principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever ... augment or diminish the happiness ... of every measure of government" Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789 |
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Jeremy Bentham's quote on hedonic calculus? Date and Publication? |
"the balance if it be on the side of pleasure, will give the good tendency of the act upon the whole ... if on the side of the pain, the bad tendency of it upon the whole" Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789 |
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3 of John Stuart Mills' quote on higher/lower pleasures? Date and Publication? |
"better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied" Utilitarianism, 1863 "Human beings have faculties more elevated than the animal appetites and once made conscious of them, do not regard anything as happiness which does not include their gratification" Utilitarianism, 1863 "They pursue sensual indulgences to the injury of the health, though perfectly aware that health is the greater good" Utilitarianism, 1863 |
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John Stuart Mills' quote on Rule UT? Date and Publication? |
"It would be unworthy of an intelligent agent not to be consciously aware that the action is of class which, if practiced generally, would be generally injurous" Utilitarianism, 1863 |
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2 of JJC Smart's critiques on Rule UT? Date and Publication? |
"who would say that we ought to keep to a rule that is the most generally optimific, even though ... obeying it [may] have bad consequences" Utilitarianism: For and Against, 1973 "an adequate rule utilitarian would not only be extensionally equivalent to the act utilitarian principle [it would also lead to] the act utilitarian one" Utilitarianism: For and Against, 1973 |
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Jeremy Bentham's quote on Act UT? Date and Publication? |
"Every law is an infraction of liberty" Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789 |
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2 of Peter Singer's quotes on preference UT? Date and Publication? |
"judges actions, not by their tendency to maximise pleasure ... but by the extent to which they accord with the preference of any beings affected by the action or its consequences" Practical Ethics, 1993 "an action contrary to the preference of any being is, unless this preference is outweighed by contrary preferences, wrong" Practical Ethics, 1993 |
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John Rawl's critique of UT? Date and Publication? |
"Utilitarianism does not take seriously the distinctions between persons" A Theory of Justice, 1971 |
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Sidgewick's quote on UT critique? Date? |
"In practice, it is hard to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures" 1874 |
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John Naish's quote on happiness? Date and publication? |
"Although optimism and positive emotions have been shown to have positive effects ... the long term effects of cheerfulness are ... not entirely positive" Enough, 2008 |
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John Locke's quote on happiness? Date and publication? |
"The necessity of pursuing happiness [is] the foundation of liberty" An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1874 |
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Karl Popper on negative utilitarianism? Date and publication? |
"human sufferings makes a direct moral appeal for help, while there is no similar call of a man who is doing well anyway" The Open Society and its Enemies, 1952 |
