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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HINDUISM
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Authoritative absent figures in Hinduism
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Brahma(creator), Vishnu(sustainer), Shiva(destroyer), Ghandi, past gurus
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Authoritative present figures in Hinduism
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Gurus, Brahmins
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Authoritative texts in Hinduism
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The vedas, the epics, dharma sutras, Upanishads, bhagavad gita, puranas
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What role do they play in liberation?
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Tell you to adhere to your dharma to put you on the path to Moksha
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World Views of Hinduism
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Anyone could achieve enlightenment, accepting other views and worship, opportunities to relieve yourself of suffering while trying to obtain Moksha
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what is dharma?
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Duty
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What is Samsara?
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Cycle of rebirth and suffering
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What is Moksha?
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The creator of everything. Non-dualism (separate, we are not brahman), non-dualism of particulars (made in his image, similar parts but still separate), and dualism (one and the same
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What are the different views of the practice yoga?
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Jnanayoga: Path of wisdom and knowledge. Bhaktiyoga: The path of loving devotion, intense personal relationship between the deity and the devotee. Karmayoga: The path of work, enables all people to give spiritual meaning to their lives. Selfless duty. (Knowledge, Work, Loving devotion)
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Why is the term “Hinduisms” may be more appropriate than “Hinduism?
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Can’t assume that all hindus believe the same thing. Extremely diverse. No one particular orthodoxy that everyone follows. Different than Christianity and Islam.
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Why are the local sacred sites important to religious culture?
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Location cannot be destroyed or manipulated easily. Sacred places may give spiritual benefits. Become closer to gods.
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What is the basic Buddhist teaching? That is how does one become a Buddhist?
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The Four Noble truths: Life is suffering, desiring to extend your life is suffering. If you destroy this desire you are destroying suffering. Follow the 8 fold path.The Eight Fold Path: road to salvation “Morality, meditation and wisdom.”
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What the basic differences between the major Buddhist Traditions, the Theravada and the Mahayana?
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Theravada: pg. 524 reject the doctrine of becoming a Buddha. Mahayana: additional sutras. Pg. 205 “those who aspire to become perfect buddhas.” Bodhisttva pg. 492.
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What kinds of things do Buddhists do when they are doing Buddhist practices?
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Mindfulness, Rejection of desire.
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What is the Buddhist social order? What is its significance?
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The Four Fold Society pg 221-223: Teacher > Student Avoid everything that does havoc in society or in family.Family is the most important.
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What authoritative absent figures are there in Buddhism?
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Buddhas
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What authoritative present figures are there in Buddhism?
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Monks, Dali Lama, and nuns
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What authoritative texts are there in Buddhism?
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Pg. 210 Oral translation years after his death1. Sutras: discourses of Buddha2. Vinaya: discipline of the monastic order.
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What holidays do Buddhists celebrate?
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Pg 227 four special to days to fast in the year
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What unifies the Buddhist culture? Why has it survived so many years?
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Orthopraxy allows acceptance and personal focus.Spread through missionary. Intellectual culture trade, immigration, media and communication (notes Sept 14, 2016).
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What is the meaning of being Jewish?
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Not always a Jew is an active practitioner of Judaism. It means being God’s chosen people; the Covenant People.Bear divine truth to humanity
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What is the history of the Jewish people?
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They were constantly a minority.Persecuted many times; the Covenant People.Taken as slaves to Babylon, Egypt, etc. German Holocaust. Successful economists.
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What is the religious culture of Judaism?
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Very orthopractical religion; the Law of Moses (613 commandments) recorded in the Torah. Pg 316. Monotheistic; God is all powerful and all knowing. 13 principles of Faith (pg. 304)Patriarchal
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What authoritative absent figures are there in Judaism?
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Prophets, Moses is the greatest prophet, past rabbis, YHWH (Jehovah, God Almighty), comes from the Canaanite ‘El’
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What authoritative present figures are there in Judaism?
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Rabbis, Rebbe (Hasidic) similar to gurus
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What authoritative texts are there in Judaism?
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Tanakh; the entire Hebrew scriptureTorah; Written (the Pentateuch)Oral Torah: Talmud & Mishna these are used to interpret the written Torah.
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What holidays do Jewish people celebrate?
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Pilgrimage (Passover, Pentecost, Tabernacles), Hanukkah, Rosh Hashanah, Yom kippur
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What unifies the Jewish culture? Why has it survived so many years?
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Being God’s chosen people has unified them during their persecutions. Their cultural isolation has engrained tradition into their society.
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Jewish Sects pg 334:
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Orthodox, Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, Hasidim, Humanistic, Ultra-orthodox, Recent developments.
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Ritual:
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: Forms and orders of ceremonies (private and/or public) (often regarded as revealed)• Similarities: Rabbis to Monks, Fasting, dietary restrictions, • Differences: Established Sabbath whereas Buddhism does not have an established day to worship weekly. Self-focus vs. relationship with God.
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Narrative and Mythic
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stories (often regarded as revealed) that work on several levels. Sometimes narratives fit together into a fairly complete and systematic interpretation of the universe and human's place in it.• Similarities: both follow teachings of enlightened individuals; both have founders.• Differences:
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Experiential and emotional
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dread, guilt, awe, mystery, devotion, liberation, ecstasy, inner peace, bliss (private)• Similarities: both seek wisdom and clarity personal rituals, Monks and Rabbis follow a strict practice• Differences: Judaism follows a less abstract way to salvation.
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Social and Institutional
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: belief system is shared and attitudes practiced by a group. Often rules for identifying community membership and participation (public)• Similarities: Rabbis to community & Monks to laypeople. Teacher > student. They both have a bunch of different branches of sects, both focus on morality• Differences:
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Ethical and legal
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: Rules about human behavior (often regarded as revealed from supernatural realm)• Similarities:• Differences:
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Doctrinal and philosophical:
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systematic formulation of religious teachings in an intellectually coherent form• Similarities: Actions in this life affect the result to after-death circumstances, suffering is incentive to achieve spiritual goals, both have doctrines that supports multiple realms, both work towards obtaining an afterlife existence. • Differences: Judaism; monotheistic, Buddhism is not monotheistic.
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Material:
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ordinary objects or places that symbolize or manifest the sacred or supernatural• Similarities: Synagogue to Monasteries, both have sacred texts,• Differences:
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What the formation of the early Christian movement like?
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Jewish Reform; Jesus was at the center.There was no distinction between Jews and Christians, until Paul’s influence. The New Movement did not follow the Law of Moses; easier for Gentiles to follow than Jews. Constantine’s conversion (vision of God’s promise that if he and his soldiers wrote the first two letters of Christ’s first name, they would win). Helped stop the persecutionInfluenced Christianity to become a nation religion. Unified the Roman Empire. Councils to determine doctrine; council of Nicea, the Nicene Creed.
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What is Church Christianity?
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Bishop > Priest > Deacon Classification of Clergy to Laity Teacher > student |
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What is Biblical Christianity?
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The authority is in the Bible
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What is Mystical Christianity?
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Personal Experience, search for direct divine personal experience.
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Why have some Christianities survived while other did not?
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Christianities that were able to adapt to other cultures; missionary, interpretation.
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What authoritative absent figures are there in Christianity?
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Jesus, Apostles, Prophets, clergymen (dead), saints, Holy Spirit, God the father.
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What authoritative present figures are there in Christianity?
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Clergymen
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What authoritative texts are there in Christianity?
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The Bible, the Apocryphal texts, the Nicene Creed
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What holidays do Christians celebrate?
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Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, Lent, Good Friday, Ash Wednesday, Passover, etc.
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What unifies the Christian culture?
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System of beliefs, brings people under one purpose, set congregational rituals, holidays
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What is Islam? How did Islam rise? What is the life story of the prophet, Muhammed? |
“the Seal of the Prophets” not divine, not worshiped, orphaned at age 8, trader, married his boss Khadija (21 years older), born in Mecca 570 CE, 23 years of revelation from God through the angel Gabriel, in a cave outside Mecca. Lived 62 years, 632 CE
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What authoritative absent figures are there in Islam? Basic docterines of faith, belief, and practice |
The Five Pillars: Shahada (Faith)Salah (Prayer)Zakat (Charity)Sawm (Fasting) Hajj (Pilgrimage) Shahada: “We believe in no god, but God. And Muhammad is his prophet.”
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What authoritative present figures are there in Islam?
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• Absent authority figures Prophets, Allah, past Caliphs, past Imams• Authority figuresCaliph, Imam
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What authoritative texts are there in Islam?
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Qur’an: Revelation from God, through the angel Gabriel, to MuhammadSunna: verbally teachings of MuhammadsHadith: Quotes and commentaries
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What holidays do Muslims celebrate? What unifies the Muslim culture? Why has it survived so many years? |
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