Religion In America

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perceived dangers that threatened the nation

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expanse of territory, multiplying population, and diversity of interest

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multiple experiment in independence

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republicanism, federal union, and religious liberty

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religion of the republic (civil religion)

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own beliefs, rituals, ceremonies, myths, and symbols; existed side by side with the religion of churches

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civic religion

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non-pluralistic

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operating assumption about the republic

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the nation had its own independent religious vocatioin

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English Puritans distinction between the realm of nature and the realm of grace

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realm of nature: God's great kingdom of the world; God rules every natural man by the light of nature to a civil outward good and end

realm of grace: his special or peculiar kingdom (the kingdom of grace); God rules the Christian through his special revelation in Christ to an inward and spiritual end

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General Religion

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William Penn called it beliefs and principles, including the 10 commandments, common Christian and Jew alike

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Post Revolution England's place in God's Plan

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England forfeited her place in God's plan for the nation

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Colonists' view of their role in the world post revolution

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the colonists alone were God's new Israel

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Post and Pre-Revolutionary colonists referred to themselves as...

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citizens of the world

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Standard item in the rhetoric of the nation

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the eyes of the world are upon you

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2 versions of the mission of America

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1) United States as a light to the nations forwarding the emancipation of mankind through its example and power of attraction

2)the American role as liberator of the oppressed

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covenant between the colonists and God

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sustained life in America as the Promised Land

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reordering of denominational life post revolution

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Anglicans, Quakers, Mennonites and Moravians suffered the most

Congregationalists and Presbyterians were less affected

Baptists and Methodists prospered, multiplying in size

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Quaker period of conflict and decline

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war helped introduce internal divisions which resulted in the Quakers never again being one of the major religious denominations in America

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Greatest casualty of the American Revolution

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The Church of England

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downfall of the church of England

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opposition to disaffection and rebellion, Methodist defection in the south and the emigration to Canada of "United Empire Loyalists

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William White and William Smith

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played major roles in organizing an American church

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General Convention of 1785

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met to frame a Constitution for the Protestant Episcopal Church

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General Convention of 1789

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first meeting of the Protestant Episcopal Church

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Congregationalists, Presbyterians and Baptists

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3 old and largest denominations of English Dissent linked together through common adherence to the doctrines of the Westminster Confession; survived the war with increased prestige through strong identification with Colonial cause

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by 1800 Baptists became...

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the largest American denomination

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1789 Presbyterian

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first general assembly met

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Presbyterian structure

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local synods divided into 4 regions with a national General Assembly

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By the end of the colonial period, most Presbyterians and Congregationalists started to think of themselves as....

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a single denomination with ministers moving freely between the two

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1801 Plan of Union

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formally joined the Presbyterians and Congregationalists for three decades

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2 factors that made Congregationalists in New England content with their pre-war structure

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status as state churches in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut; strong emphasis on local autonomy

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Unitarians defected from

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the Congregationalists

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Plan of Union fell apart in

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1837

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by 1800 Baptists had become the largest of the three old denominations of English dissent with the strongest communities located...

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along the seaboard in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, the Carolinas and Georgia

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Noah Worcester wrote that the Baptists were so successful because...

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their preachers and members were not cold, they gained sympathy as a result of persecution, advantage taken of revivals, confident use of irrelevant scripture and the want of qualifications in some Baptist teachers

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Prior to 1784 Methodists were

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not a church but a religious society nominally related to the Church of England

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in 1784 during the Christmas Conference

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Methodists began to ordain their own ministers rather than relying on the Church of England; the new Methodist Episcopal Church was constituted

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by 1820 the Methodists

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had overtaken the Baptists and became the largest denomination in America

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reasons for the rapid spread of Methodism

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the adoption of the circuit system; the church was equipped with a highly mobile ministry of traveling preachers

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many Methodist believed that the term Christian

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was more inclusive and began to use it solely as an identifier

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After the Revolution Roman Catholicism experienced

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steady growth

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Quebec Act of 1774

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placed the territory between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers within the province of Quebec; used as a religious issue to whip up anti-British feeling

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1852

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First Plenary council of American bishops; Roman Catholic church became largest ecclesiastical body in the nation

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During the first half of the 19th century Protestantism was

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the most predominant ecclesiastical body

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2 important facts about the influence of the churches in the 19th century

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1) only 1/3 of the nation's population practiced church religion in a consistent manner

2) large numbers of slaves and numerous tribes of Native Americans practiced religion that bore little to no resemblance to white Protestants and Catholics

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Local Methodist Societies were formed

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in the decade prior to independence mostly in the Chesapeake Bay region and south through Virginia to North Carolina