Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the community founded by Jesus Christ and annointed by the Holy SPirit as the FInal sign of God's will to save the whole human family
|
Church
|
|
an inquiry about the community
|
Church History
|
|
Church, “building belonging to the Lord”
|
Ecclesia
|
|
“fiftieth day”, takes place 50 days after Easter, the birthday of the Church, God’s very presence descending upon Mary and the Apostles, fulfills the Paschal mystery of Christ according to his promise
|
Pentecost
|
|
spirit, breath wind
|
Ruah
|
|
the Spirit at Pentecost
|
Tongues as of Fire
|
|
“one who is sent”
|
Apostle
|
|
“follower”/”learner”
|
Disciple
|
|
was given the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, chosen by Jesus
|
Simon Peter
|
|
Peter, rock. “You are Peter(Petros) and upon this rock(Petra) I will build my Church.”
|
Petros
|
|
Rock
|
Petra
|
|
Peter
|
Visible Head of the Church
|
|
Jesus
|
Invisible Head of the Church
|
|
the lamb’s blood sprinkled on doorposts, so the angel of death may pass over
|
Passover
victim – an unblemished lamb ritual – the wiping of the lamb’s blood on the doorpost meal – the lamb, unleavened bread, bitter herbs, and wine |
|
the Last Supper, the Eucharist
|
The Lord's Supper
victim – Jesus, the unblemished Lamb of God ritual – the offering of the blood meal – the bread and wine |
|
a Greek translation of the Old Testament
|
Septuagint
|
|
a group of Jewish leaders
|
Sanhedrin
|
|
a wise member of the Sanhedrin who advised leaving the apostles Peter and John alone
|
Gamaliel
|
|
mother of God, “Model of the Church”, born without sin, lived a perfect life
|
Mary
|
|
Mary’s accepting the role of Jesus’s mother, shows how faithful she is
|
Fiat
|
|
Mary expressing her joy and love for God when she was pregnant, takes place in the Visitation, shows how faithful she is
|
Magnificat
|
|
people of non-Jewish faith or origin
|
Gentiles
|
|
Old and New Covenant
|
The Old Covenant was God’s promise to save us all from sin and death, and the New Covenant fulfills that promise. The old Covenant is very important in that all of it prefigured the New Covenant, which fulfilled it. Jesus fulfills the expectation of the Messiah, because he is both God and Man, he saved humanity from sin and death, and he opened the gates of Heaven so that we may have eternal life. He surpasses the expectation by being God and performing miracles.
|
|
A member of an ancient Jewish sect that emphasized strict interpretation
|
Pharisee
|
|
Gentiles attracted to Judaism who maintained some association with local Jewish communities without becoming Jews
|
God-Fearer
|
|
Gentile Controversy
|
The “Gentile Controversy” was when Christianity was just beginning, and was still much tied to Judaism. The Gentiles, many of whom were followers of Jesus, wanted to become Christians. The Jewish Pharisees, however, did not wasn’t that, because the covenant with God said that all of his children had to be circumcised. But God spoke to Peter in a vision, and at the Council of Jerusalem, Peter shared that God showed no partiality. The Apostles and presbyters, after considering the matter with Paul, Barnabas, and others, concluded that the Gentiles were free from this and other dietary proscriptions of the Lord. James agreed, but only as long as they did not commit adultery or idolatry, and followed God’s Laws. They were welcomed as full and active members of the Christian community, and soon became that majority.
|
|
a well-known “God-Fearer”
|
Cornelius
|
|
Peter's vision
|
God came to Peter in a vision and showed no partiality
|
|
overseer/bishop of Jerusalem
|
James
|
|
“Apostle to the Gentiles”, used to be called Saul and persecuted Christians, originally a member of the Pharisees
|
Paul
|
|
was called because converts were told they needed to be circumcised
|
Council of Jerusalem
|
|
assists at Mass by preaching and distributing communion, can also celebrate at Baptisms, Marriages, and Funerals, means “servant”
|
Deacon
|
|
“witness”, one who dies for the faith
|
Martyr
|
|
the First Christian Martyr
|
Stephen
|
|
Ruler of Palestine who persecuted Christians in Jerusalem
|
Herod Agrippa I
|
|
First Roman emperor to persecute Christians
|
Nero
|
|
The first Christian Emperor
|
Constantine
|
|
Roman deacon who died while being burned over hot coals “Turn me over, this side is done”
|
Laurence
|
|
noble woman who was arrested right after she was baptized, refused to dress in the robes of a non-Christian priestess but refused, tossed into the arena wearing only nets
|
Perpetua
|
|
Emperor who began dioceses and the “great persecution” of Christians
|
Diocletian
|
|
"wrong thinking”
|
Heresy
|
|
someone espousing a position contrary to officially defined teachings
|
Heretic
|
|
"right thinking”, right or correct teaching, a means of safeguarding the truth given to us by Jesus Christ himself
|
Orthodoxy
|
|
someone who defends and explains the faith
|
Apologist
|
|
Christians who left the faith but wanted to return
|
Lapsi
|
|
Means “overseer”
|
bishop
|
|
Early name for priest or elder
|
Presbyter
|
|
the authentic list of books which makes up the Old and New Testament, chosen through apostolic tradition, Greek word for “measuring rod”
|
Canon
|
|
proclaimed freedom of all religions in Rome, signed by Constantine
|
Edict of Milan
|
|
catechumens, baptism
|
Christian Initiation
|
|
“Jesus is neither God nor equal to the father"
|
Arianism
|
|
heresy that Jesus is not really human
|
Gnosticism
|
|
God “in the flesh”
|
Incarnation
|
|
“New Rome”, Constantinople, trading post
|
Byzantium
|
|
what the pope is called, emperor was called
|
Pontifex Maximus
|
|
Jesus is not the same substance as God; interprets Bible literally; if Jesus isn’t divine, can he be savior? No. “Jesus is not truly God”.
|
Arius
|
|
325, calling of bishops around the world, high authority, Arius vs. Athanasius, “is Christ God or not?”, condemned Arianism
|
Council of Nicaea
|
|
universal
|
catholic
|
|
fought Arius/Arianism, said Christ is God, eternity, word of God, incarnation, incorporeal, immaterial
|
Athanasius
|
|
381- confirmed Council of Nicaea, affirmed deity of the Holy Spirit, condemned Apollinarianism
|
Council of Constantinople
|
|
431, declared Nestorianism a heresy, condemned Pelagianism
|
Council of Ephesus
|
|
449, declared Christ’s two natures unmixed and inseperable, condemned Monophysitism
|
Council of Chalcedon
|
|
a heresy that taught that Jesus had only a divine nature
|
Monophysitism
|
|
tribes from the North and East who fought against the people of the empire and among themselves, inhabited the territory beyond the Roman Empire
|
Barbarians
|
|
pope from 440-461, negotiated with Attila the Hun to spare the city, stated that each pope succeeds Saint Peter rather than the previous pope, made the papacy more powerful and independent
|
Leo the Great
|
|
a designation for Church leaders during the early centuries of Christianity whose teachings collectively formulated Christian doctrine and practices
|
Church Fathers
|
|
Politician induced to become bishop of Milan
|
St. Ambrose
|
|
Wrote the first true autobiography, compared the Trinity to the three functions of the mind: understanding, memory, and will
|
St. Augustine
|
|
Augustine’s mother, prayed for him all his life
|
Monica
|
|
said matter is evil, to live life focused on the spirit, believed in the struggle between matter and spirit, Augustine was one
|
Manicheans
|
|
Translated the Bible into Latin
|
Jerome
|
|
St. Jerome’s Latin translation of the Bible, means “of the common people”
|
Vulgate
|
|
The Roman peace, era of Roman Structure= peace
|
Pax Romana
|
|
founder of western monasticism, believed in prayer and work
|
Benedict
|
|
sister of St. Benedict
|
Scholastica
|
|
First known Christian monk, father of monasticism, lived in the desert
|
Anthony of Egypt
|
|
poverty, chastity, obedience, “founded” by Benedict in the West, live simple, faithful lives, solitary
|
Monasticism
|
|
made the pope a secular ruler
|
Donation of Pepin
|
|
this settled the controversy for the English and Celtic Church
|
Synod of Whitby
|
|
Yes or “Fiat” response, not “no”
|
Virginity/Celibacy
|
|
“father who rules”
|
Patriarch
|
|
Won the Battle of Tours
|
Charles Martel
|
|
“Favor”, the creative, sustaining, and transforming self-gift of God that is always being offered to us
|
Grace
|
|
Transformed the practice or penance
|
St. Columban
|
|
Captured by English pirates, converted Ireland, taught about the trinity by using the shamrock
|
St. Patrick
|
|
“servant of the servants of God”
|
St. Gregory the Great
|
|
Abbess, hosted the Synod of Whitby, restored Christianity to Northumbria
|
St. Hilda
|
|
“Apostle to Germany”, led the conversion of Germans
|
St. Boniface
|
|
First Holy Roman Emperor
|
Charlemagne
|
|
Before Christ (B.C.)
|
Ante Christum
|
|
Five Patriarchates
|
Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem; Rome is the first “in honor” because Peter died there, it is the center of the Western Church, and it strived to protect itself
|
|
Four Marks of the Church
|
One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic; One- One faith, one baptism, one God; Holy- blessed by God, God is Holy; Catholic- the Church is Universal, universal proclamation to all people for salvation; Apostolic- founded on the apostles
|
|
Why are Christ and the Church the paradigm for marriage?
|
Jesus died for us and married the Church- his holy bride. Marriage was instituted by Jesus when the lance pierced his side, and blood and water poured out, which was the Church, like Eve coming from Adam’s rib to become his wife. Christ is a part of and devoted to the Church, therefore husbands and wives become part of each other and are fully devoted to each other.
|
|
Why was Charlemagne’s crowning an insult to the emperor of Constantinople?
|
The crowning of Charlemagne was in 800, and it was an insult to the emperor of Constantinople because it proved that he(the emperor) was not the sole power of the East. He thought that he was the leader over all, but Charlemagne became the ruler over the Franks and proved him wrong.
|
|
had authority over Church matters, ruler of the Franks
|
Charlemagne
|
|
nomadic people from the Eastern frontier
|
Magyars
|
|
nomadic Muslims who attacked southern Italy and overtook Rome
|
Saracens
|
|
a social form of interlocking relationships based on the use of land in payment for military services
|
Feudalism
|
|
the practice of laypersons, such as kings, appointing bishops, priests, abbots, and abbesses
|
Lay investiture
|
|
Church leaders in feudalism
|
bishops and monasteries were the largest group of landowners, they would have serfs work the land and would receive the profits, but were vassals to a strong lord or king
|
|
the payment of money to be appointed to a Church office
|
Simony
|
|
a rule by the medieval Church forbidding warfare during certain days
|
Truce of God
|
|
cardinals meeting to elect a pope
|
Conclave
|
|
determined that popes would invest bishops with spiritual power, and the emperors would invest them with their temporal power
|
Concordat of Worms
|
|
responsible for the conversion of the Slavs
|
Saints Cyril and Methodius
|
|
the separation of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in 1054.
|
The East-West Schism
|
|
Patriarch of Constantinople at the time of the East-West Schism
|
Michael Cerularius
|
|
The Cardinal sent by Pope Leo IX to reconcile with the East, but ended up placing the decree of excommunication on the altar
|
Cardinal Humbert
|
|
disagreement caused by the Eastern emperor’s decision to condemn the use of icons in worship
|
Iconoclast controversy
|
|
are in union with Rome and the Catholic Church
|
Eastern Rite Catholics
|
|
Brought about the conversion of Scotland
|
St. Margaret
|
|
Started papal reforms
|
Hildebrand
|
|
God guides all aspects of life
|
Christendom
|
|
Monastary established in France focused only on prayer. Prayed liturgy of the hours. Hildebrand to Gregory
|
Cluny
|
|
The Hierarchy of creatures is the order of living things on the planet that God made. Humans are at the top, as we were made in God’s image and likeness.
|
Heriarchy of creatures
|
|
Filioque
|
means “And the Son”, which was added by the Western Church to the Nicene Creed to clear up confusion, showing that the Holy Spirit came from the Father and the Son . Church leaders in the East were angry, not only because they disagreed with the change in wording, but also because it was imposed by secular rather than Church authority, and because they were not consulted about the change.
|
|
a religiously motivated journey to a sacred shrine or holy place; important destinations were the Holy Land, Rome, and the tombs of the early martyrs
|
Pilgrimage
|
|
“to beg”, Religious communities whose member live among people and rely on the charity of others or work at the lowest-paying jobs available
|
Mendicant orders
|
|
born the son of a wealthy Italian cloth merchant, then was imprisoned for a year. He was ill for a year after his return, and had his “conversion”. When he was praying in a rundown chapel, the crucifix told him, “Repair my church”, so he sold his father’s stuff and disowned himself. He rebuilt the chapel and formed the Franciscans. He received the stigmata.
|
St. Francis of Assisi
|
|
Even as a young girl she was known for her devotion to prayer. She was inspired by hearing Francis preach, and she set out to follow his way of life. She ran away and entered a Benedictine convent, then entered the convent that Francis had established later on. She stopped an army attacking the city by leaving her sickbed and raising the ciborium just as they were about to attack the monastery.
|
St. Clare of Assisi
|
|
had some success in converting Albigensians, founded the Order of Preachers, the Dominicans, whose primary objective was to preach against heresy.
|
St. Dominic
|
|
heretics that believed that the physical was evil and only the spiritual to be good, similar to Manicheists
|
Albigensians
|
|
5 Proofs of St. Thomas Aquinas
|
From motion, from causation of existence, from possibility, from imperfection, from design
|