Religion Final

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Religion

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cultural system integrating teachings, practices, modes of experience, institutions and artistic expressions that relates people to what they perceive to be transcendent

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7 Aspects of Religion

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mythic, doctrinal, ethical, ritual, experiential, social, material

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Cosmology

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understanding of nature of the world that typically explains it origin and how it is ordered

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Henotheism

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a belief that acknowledges a plurality of gods but elevates one of them to special status

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monism

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belief that all reality is ultimately one

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nontheistic

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religion that does not maintain belief in god or gods

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pantheism

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divine reality is identical to nature or the material world

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polytheism

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belief in many gods

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stoicism

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ancient greek and roman pantheistic religious philosophy

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theistic

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belief in gods or many gods

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American indian religious freedom act

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1978 US law to make indians free

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chantway

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basis of Navajo ceremonial practice; includes chants, prayers, songs and other ritual practice

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Ghost Dance

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religious resistance movements in 1870 & 1890 that originated in Nevada among paiute

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Holy Wind

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Navajo conception of a spiritual force that inhabits every element of creation

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Jump Dance

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renewal dance

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Quetzalcoatl

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Aztec God and important culture hero in Mexico

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Sun Dance

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midsummer ritual common to many native american religions

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Vision Quest

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ritual attempt by an individual to communicate with the spirit world

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Amma

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high god of the dogon people

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bori

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term for west african spirits

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dama

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dogon rite of passage marking the transition to adulthood and to the afterlife

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Maji Maji

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1905 rebellion against german colonizers in tanganyika

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medium

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person who is posessed by a sprit and mediates between the human and spirit world

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moran

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young man who has been circumsized

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Atman

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self or soul

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avatara

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divine incarnation (god taking physical form)

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Brahman

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god, ultimate reality, the all pervasive, the ground of the universe

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Brahmin

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member of the priestly caste

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dalit

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opressed

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dharma

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religion, religius prescriptsion and ordinances, sacred duty, law, moral virtue, social obligation

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guru

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teacher

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moksha

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enlightnment

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puja

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worship

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samsara

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cycle of birth, death and rebirth

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4 noble truths

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suffering is inherent in life; the cause of suffering is desire; put an end to desire and you put an end to suffering; the way to do this is to follow the 8fold path

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8fold path

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right view;right resolve;right speech;right action; right livlihood;right effort; right mindfulness; right concentration

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actions of 1st buddhist council

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preserved the teaching and created a canon

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actions of 2nd buddhist council

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preserved vows and banned handeling money or selling religious services

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Actions of King Mahapadama's Council

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asserted that the dharma teaching is not bound by canon and can be modified

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Actions of the 3rd Buddhist Council

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defined what the authentic view of the buddha is and acknowledged the Vibhajyavada sect as representing that view

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anatman

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no indepent self or soul

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buddha

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fully enlightnend being

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lama

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teacher

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mantry

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sacred sounds

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middle way

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teaching on avoiding extremes that is systemized by the 8fold path

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Theravada

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Established in 240 BCE at the mahavihara in Sri Lanka, the earliest exsitent school of buddhism that is predominant in south east asia

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Jainism's 5 Great Vows

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avoid inflicting violence on other life forms; abstain from lying; do not take what has not been given; renounce sexual activity; renounce posessions

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ahimsa

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nonviolence

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dana

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giving

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digambara

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second largest jain sect, whose monks go about naked

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shvetambara

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largest jain sect; whose monks are in white clothes

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tirthankaras

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jain spiritual heros

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Sikhism's 5 K's

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uncut hair; small comb; steel wristlet; sword; pair of shorts w/ drawstring

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the 1st and 10th guru

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1. Guru Nanak

2. Guru Gobind Singh

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Adi Granth

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Sikhim's most important text

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gurdwara

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building for worship for sikh's

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Dao

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concept in chinese religion, literally meaning path

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De

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concept in chinese religion, literally meaning virtue

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Four books

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analects, mencius, great learning, and doctrine of the mean

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Tian

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transcendent, numinous entity in ancient chinese religion

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Tianming

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mandate of Tian

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Yang

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bright, dry, warm, masculine

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yin

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dark, cold, wet, feminine

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Amaterasu

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sun goddess in shinto

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ema

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wooden tablets expressing pleadings to kami for success in life

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Izanagi

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male Kami who is the procreator of the Japenese islands

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Izanami

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female kami who is the procreator of the japanese islands

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Kami

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shinto diety and spirit with awe inspiring power

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Matsuri

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shinto religious festival

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shinto

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the way of the gods

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Essential articals of Jewish belief

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god the creator exists; god is uniquely "one"; god is eternal; god alone is worthy of worship & obediance; the teachings of the biblical prophets are true; moses is the cheif of all prophets; the torah comes directly from god; god is omnisciet; god rewards the good and punishes the bad; the messiah will come; the resurrection of the dead will occur in the world to come

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10 commandments

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acknowldge 1 god; worship no other; never swear falsely in his name; observe the sabbath rest; honor ones parents; never commit murder; never commit adultery; never commit theft; never give false testimony; never desire anything that belongs to another

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dead sea scrolls

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religious literature hidden in the caves near the dead sea

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eschatological

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belief in an end of time

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ethical monotheism

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core concept of judaism that the world was created and is governed by the transcendent being

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Holocause

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genocidal destruction of approx. 6 mill. Jews by the government of Nazi Germany during WW2.

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Kabbalah

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focus on emanative powers of god- and on role within the godhead as well as within human personality

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mitzvot

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commandments

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omnipotence

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attribute of total and eternal power

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pesach

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early spring harvest festival

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Rosh Hashana

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jewish new year

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Shavuot

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later spring harvest festival that is associated with the giving of the Torah

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Sukkot

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fall harvest festival that is associated with the huts in ancient isreal

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tallit

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prayer shawl

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talmud

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volume of work commentary on the laws of the Torah

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Torah

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Literally means teaching

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Yom Kippur

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day of atonment- most solem of all the fast days in the jewish religous calander

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apostle

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diciples that were sent out to preach and baptize

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apostolic succession

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spiritual authority conferred b jesus on the apostles has been transmitted through an unbroken line of bishops, who are their successors

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Eucharist

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known as the lords Supper & Holy Communion, sacrament celebrated with consecrated bread and wine in the commemoration of Jesus last supper with his Disciples

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Evangelicalism

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protestant movemnt that stresses the importance of the conversion experience, the bible as the only reliable authority in faith

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Fundamentalism

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american protestantism was dedicated to defending doctrines it identified as fundamental to christianity against perceived threats posed by modern culture

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gospel

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good news

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inquisition

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investigation

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lords prayer

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attributed to Jesus, the prayer serves as a model prayer for christians

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messiah

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annointed one-one who has been set apart from god

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nicene creed

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profession of faith

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orthodox church

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seperated from the western branch of christianity

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purgatory

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roman catholism, intermediate state between earthly life and heaven in which the debt for unconfessed sin is expiated

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Adhan

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call to prayer

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caliph

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leader of the muslim community after death of muhammad

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Hajj

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annual pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of islam

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Jahiliyya

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age of ignorance

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Jihad

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"striving" struggle with oneself to become a better person

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Mecca

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city in which Muhammad was born

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Muhammad

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person who received the Quran from god

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Ramadan

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month in which muslims must fast daily from dawn until dusk

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Salat

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daily prayers

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2 major sects of islam

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shi'a & sunni

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Zakat

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regulated almsgiving, one of the 5 pillars of islam

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Astral Voyages

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visionary experience of a mind body projection through time and space

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Baha'i

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monotheistc and universalist religion that 1st emerges in the 19th century Iran

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Coven

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community of witches

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Engrams

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in scientology they are traumatic events stored as images in the subconcious mind

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Moonies

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slang term for members of the Unification Church

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Second Great Awakening

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evangelical movemnt popular in the US from the early 19th century - 1880's

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Secularization

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tendancy in modern society that devalues religious worldviews or seeks to subsitute scientific theories for religious beliefs

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Thetan

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term used by scientologists to identify the immoral self and source of creativity in the human mind

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Ufology

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systemized belief in extraterrestrials

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Wiccan Rede

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traditional set of rule and ethical values cherished by Wiccans

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Yogic Flying

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meditational practice, similar to levitation, attributed to members of the Transcendental Meditation Community