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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theriomorphic Images
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early images of gods in animal form.
Most often bulls - strength, courage heart and virility. |
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Bes
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Egyptian god of good luck
Looked like a dwarf Became popular in other cultures |
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Pan
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Roman god
looked like a devil |
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Nero
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first emperor to persecute Christians 20 years after Jesus; believed he was god. Some believe he was described in Romans 13:16.
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Egyptian Pyramids
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built by Khufu and Khefra as tombs for pharohs
4500 years old (predate Moses by 1000 years) |
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Egypt
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more ancient texts found here probably because the dry climate preserves.
Linked by TRADITION to Judaism and Christianity. To say it is historical would be assuming. |
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No separation of church and state
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how it was in the ancient world. Everything was religion
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Egytian Religion
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All objects had life - no 'it's'.
3 levels of existence: heaven, earth, underworld. (Death took one to the AFTERworld.) |
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Amenhotep IV
(Akanatom -->servant of the sun god) |
pharoh. Attempted to make egyptian religion monotheistic worshipping on Atom, the sun god.
this failed - everyone destroyed every trace of him. |
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Tutankamen
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son of Amenhotep. Disagreed with his father and didn't want any association with him.
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Egyptian priests were for....
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polytheism. More gods=more jobs.
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Egyptian book of the dead
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guide to the afterlife.
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Egyptian afterlife
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mummification, carried stuff with you into afterlife, Judgement = balanced life. If scales were uneven, you were eaten by a monster.
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Mesopotamia
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modern day Iraq
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Mesopotamian King Sargon is similar to....
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Moses's baby in a basket story
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Mesopotamia's Law Code of Hammurabi similar to.....
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laws in Deuteronomy and Leviticus.
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Mesopotamia Enuma Elish story similar to....
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Creation story in Genesis 1-3
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Mesopotamia's Epic of Gilgamesh similar to....
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Noahs flood story...
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El
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root of all names for God
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Zorastrianism
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religion of ancient Persia (modern day Iran), still exists.
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Zoraster
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funnelled all gods down to 2 (Dualism).
Good = Ahura Mazda Bad= Ahriman Ahura Mazda is now the supreme god. There was a final battle. |
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David Cyrus
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Persian king who once conquered Israel. The jews liked him even though they were under persian rule.
cyrus = "annointed one" |
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Alexander
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Greek ruler conquered modern day Israel (which can in direct contact with Judaism)
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Plato
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thought that believing in Literal gods was silly. believed in the"ultimate cosmic shaper"
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Aristotle
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argued with Plato. questioned the pantheon and believed in a "Prime Mover".
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Septuatian
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greek version of the hebrew bible
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Roman Religion
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learned from the greeks mistakes.
religion and gods were really symbols of the Roman state as much religious. |
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Augustus
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first Roman emperor and he was worshipped as a deity.
the emperor on throne when Jesus was born. |
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Caligula
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roman emperor went overboard on seeking worship as a god.
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Tiberias
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roman emperor when Jesus died.
lived on the isle of capri alone and locked Caligula up with him. |
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Nero
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Emperor 20 years after Jesus died. First to persecute Christians. Committed suicide theatrically.
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Mithra
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roman god from persia, believed to be born on dec 25th, in a cave and performed miracles.
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Isis
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roman god, wife of osiris, resurrected her husband, similar to mary.
Epitome of Aphrodite, Demeter and other goddesses |
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Israel
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only Jewish state - as of 1848
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Abraham
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maybe the first jew. first covenant. Go from mesopotamia to israel and I promise you Land and a Nation
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Moses
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law giver
climbed Mt. Sinai to get the 10 commandments |
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King David
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God promises the rulers of Israel would come from him. Unified Israel and named the capital Jerusalem.
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Henotheistic
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our God is the best, other gods exist
this is what Judaism believed until the time of the prophets |
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586 BCE
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Exile
Babylonians invade Israel and destroy holy temple. Judaism begins to take shape because they are at stake and they want the religion to survive. |
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Maccabean Revolt
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when Jews kicked out the Greek rulers of Jerusalem.
only time jews have freedom. |
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Judaism is NOT a .... but it is....
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not a ...Mosaic (moses) faith.
is a...interpreting religion. |
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Foundation of Judaism
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Legal codes/written law - particularly the laws in the 5 books of Moses (torah)
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Basics of Judaism....
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no original sin
no trinity torah = Gods gift aniconic religion Torah + God + Israel + Mitzva Torah=613 commandments |
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Mitzva
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commandment of doing good deeds.
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TANAKH
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Torah
Nevi'im Ketuvium |
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Torah (in Tanakh)
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Isn't all encompassing.
First five books of Moses, but not written by Moses. Hatches, Matches, Dispatches |
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Most important story in the 5 books of Moses....
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Story of Hillel - scholars asked Hillel to recite the first 5 books on one foot. He replied to 'treat others kindly'.
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Nevi'um
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means 'prophets' - which are mouthpieces for God.
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Ketuvium
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means 'writings'
ex. psalms, job philosophy, wisdom, poetry |
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How many books are in the Tanakh?
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39.
The torah is more than just this. |
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Halacha
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law codes (oral and written)
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Aggadah
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stories
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When was the 2nd holy temple destroyed?
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70 ce (after jesus died)
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Rabbi
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Jewish leader
'my master' 'my lord' wrote everything down after the 2nd temple was destroyed INTERPRETERS |
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after 70 ce, Rabbis 2 important social goals:
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1. Increase Membership
2. To govern Jewish Society |
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3 Basic Principles of Rabbis to Jews:
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1. Unity of God
2. The divine origin of written and oral Torah 3. Resurrection |
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Resurrection
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in conjunction with final judgement
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Mishnah
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first formal set of books that were written down.
Rabbis discussion on holiday, purity, agriculture. |
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Gemara
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another set of additional interpretatioins/discussions. Looser than the Mishnah
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Mishnah+Gemara = Talmud
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Compilation of Rabbis discussion.
Still legally binded and studied today. |
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2 sets of Talmuds
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1 in Babylonia
1 in Israel |
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When did people become more tolerant of different religions? (1700s)
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The Enlightenment
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When did Jews start to Reform?
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Napoleon called a meeting questioning the treatment of jews in 1806.
France granted Jews more rights |
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Orthodox Judaism
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Most practiced
All laws MUST be kept. emphasis on Torah and Talmud official form in Israel |
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Reform Judaism
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least observed form
contemporary emphasis on ethics rather than laws |
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Conservative Judaism
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2nd most practiced
not too strict, not too lose incorporated more hebrew in services |
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Problems plaguing today...
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Intermarriage
loss of history indifference |
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Jewish prayer
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3x a day remembering: patriarchs and temple.
not ordained in Torah pray facing Jerusalem (east) |
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Shacharit
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means 'dawn'
jewish prayer for temple sacrifice and Abraham |
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Minchah
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means 'offering'
jewish prayer for isaac |
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Ma'aviv
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means 'bringing of evening'
jewish prayer for Jacob very short |
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Shemma Prayer
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most common
"Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One" |
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Jewish Holiday
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begin at sunset based on a lunar calendar
based on Tradition! |
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Rosh Hashanah
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Jewish New Year
'the head of the year' in the fall included 10 Days of Awe |
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10 Days of Awe
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on Rosh Hashana.
Last chance of the year to atone for sins You must: Repent Prayer Charity At this time God is inscribig in the Book of Life who will live and who will die. |
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Yom Kippur
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'Day of Atonement'
Most sacred holiday in Judaism Last 24 hours of 10 days of Awe to repent to God Fasting ends with Shofar (rams horn) blow |
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Chanukah
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not in bible
'Dedication' celebrates Maccabeen revolt against Greeks. |
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Passover
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'Pesach - in hebrew'
Celebrates exodus from egypt by Moses Matza - tradition food (unleavened bread) |
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Seder
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'order'
First two nights of passover, where a whole order of commandments must be fulfilled. |
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Rabbis Ethical Innovations:
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1. Emphasis on the value of work
2. Emphasis on kindness to animals |
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Jews believe every human being has:
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1. Yetzer Harah (evil)
2. Yetzer Hatore (good) free will controls these impulses. |
