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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Islam is...
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3rd (last) faith of Abraham
2nd largest religion in the world (12 billion followers) |
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Islam means:
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'submission' or 'surrender'
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Islam views itself as...
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the correction or completion of other monotheistic faiths
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Islam places great emphasis on...
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its early formative history
(strong emphasis on family, warm welcoming) |
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The core of Muslim belief =
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"the messenger and the message"
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Roots of Muhammad:
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Ishmael was the son of Abraham.
-built the ka'ba |
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Muslims beginning of the caledar:
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622 ce = MUHAMMADS MIGRATION TO MEDINA
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Region where Islam started:
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ancient Arabia
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Time before Muhammad =
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"Time of Barbarism"
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Ancient Arabians practiced....
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Tribal Polytheism
-very present oriented (no afterlife) -strong family ties |
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Was monotheism unknow in ancient Arabia?
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NO! There were Jews, Christians and Zoroastrian merchants
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Arab Monotheists =
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HANIFS
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Primary language =
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Arabic
Quran written in this. |
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Muhammad
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570-632 CE
seal of the 5 prophets not divine like Jesus Jesus paved the way for Muhammad did NOT start Islam = he was a religious reformer |
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5 prophets:
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Abraham, Moses, Noah, Jesus, Muhammad
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Islam vs. Christianity:
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Moses and Muhammad show similarities
Muslims don't believe Jesus was divine, but they do believe in the virgin birth |
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Muhammads first divine relvelation:
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at age 40
Gabriel tells him to RECITE in the name of the Lord |
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Muhammads first follower:
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Khadijah - his wife
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Was Muhammad well received at first?
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No, due to not wanting to follow social justice, false contracts and monotheism (this might ruin Meccan economy)
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When does Muhammad start to become prosperous?
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When some tribes in Medina were having disputes and Muhammad drew up a new constitution for them.
MIGRATION TO MEDINA = HIJRAH in 622CE |
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Why is Jerusalem and holy city for Muslims? (along with Mecca and Medina)
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1)on eve of judgement, Jerusalem will be a place of refuge against anti-christ
2)the messiah will triumph over evil there 3)place of muhammads 'Night of Ascension' |
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Originally where did Muslims face to pray?
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Jerusalem
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When was Muhammad free to implement Gods message?
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after the HIJRAH
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How did Jews and Christians react to the fast spread of Islam?
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some converted MOST did NOT!
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Why was Muhammad criticized?
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1)'he is a war monger'
2) 'he is morally corrupt' |
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The Quran means:
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'recitation'
an expression of piety - learning to recite the entire Quran. |
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Size of Quran?
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4/5 size of New Testament
114 chapters (suras) |
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The Quran is...
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divine relevations from Muhammad, considered 'The Book of God'
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Esposito notes on the Quran:
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no modern biblical criticism, it is the eternal, literal word of God.
unchangeable. |
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Major Teachings of the Quran:
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1)GOD
2)The Quranic Universe |
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God in Quran:
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-mentioned in Quran 2,500x
-existence is not questioned - proven through nature, history and scripture. -Quran is final revelation from God -The oneness of God |
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The Quranic Universe:
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Heaven, Earth, Hell
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Inhabitants of the world:
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angels, jinns and humans
angels are link between God and humans jinns are intelligent, invisible spirits humans share special relationship to God |
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Satan or Iblis
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fallen angel. Refused to bow before adam hence expulsion from heaven
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God expected all angels and jinns...
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to bow humans
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Quran=
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not in chronological order
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Original Sin =
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not in the Quran, not inherent, so you aren't born damned
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Sin for Muslim =
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disobedience to God, result of death is mortal human beings, not sin.
humans are created good, but are just limited creatures |
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Worst sins:
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one's relationship to God
Shirk = idolatry Kufr=unbelief/atheism |
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Hypocrite:
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worse! knows better and chooses to deceive.
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great fear after Muhammad dies:
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destabilization, Muhammad left no system in place for follow leaders
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4th Caliph (successor)
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Ali (cousin and son in law for Muhammad)
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Sunni
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"tradition"
vast majority of Muslims 85% roots all the way to Abu Baker caliph has political and military power |
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Shi'ah (Shiites)
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"partisans" 15% of muslims
succession from ALI Iran= Shiite country All authority based on Imam |
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Imam=
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a divinely inspired religio-political leader
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Wahhabi Movement =
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Modern day Saudi Arabia began in 1700's as attempt to subdue and unite Arabian tribes; rejected Sufism, advocated military force if necessary
Strict! no superstitious. Quran and oneness all the care about Osama Bin Laden |
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Saudi Arabia's state constitution =
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the Quran
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Five Pillars of Islam:
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all Muslims expected to follow, not optional, a "unity of practice"
1)The Profession of Faith 2)Salat ("prayer") 3)Almsgiving ("Zakat") 4)The Fast of Ramadan 5)Hajj |
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The Profession of Faith
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The recitation of the Shahada = there is no god but the god and muhammad is the messenger of god.
pray 5x daily |
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Salat
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5x day, facing mecca
originated from Muhammads night of Ascension can be done in a mosque peace greeting after Shahahda noon prayer of friday is congregational lead by anyone |
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Almsgiving
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(payment of the zakat= purify or increase)
reinforces sense of community required duty, not charity 2.5% of all accumulated assets quranic obligation |
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The Fast of Ramadan
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month long fast for entire ninth month.
always moving backwards because no adjustments in calendar. fast from food, sex drink from sunrise to sunset time for reflection and spiritual discipline ordained in Quran. done in ancient times too. |
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if you are sick and miss a pillar:
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will be must be made at a later date, you can replace it in the mean time with something else.
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Hajj -
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pilgrimage to Mecca
performed at least once some go every year following in footsteps of Muhammad 2 million people go each year focus on kaba and mecca Rebirth happens after completion Unity is important |
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Kaba =
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sacred site from Adam , destroyed then rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael
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Ethics in Isalm
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Live a just life
Do what is right, forbid what is wrong Obligations to Allah and humankind No Muslim can judge others Children must take care of parents Very family and community based. |
