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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What about Jesus?
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Born in Palestine, 3 CE
Grew up in Nazareth Baptized by John the Baptist Taught in Galilee, Crucified at 33 |
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4 Characteristics about Jesus
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1. Great Charisma
2. Similar to Prophets of Judaism 3. Channel to/from God 4. Acted towards the people |
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Major Themes/Messages of Jesus
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1. Belief that God will institute his perfect rule
2. Originally Jewish sentiment 3. Reality of kingdom would change people's thinking 4. Jesus would bring the kingdom |
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Ethical Obligations
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1. Worst sin=self-righteousness
2. Doing will of God= priority over everything 3 .Prayer was sincere, not formula 4. Kindness of compassion are highest virtues 5. Love is key |
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Jesus healed with spirit
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1. Jews accepted spirit was superior
2. Spirit filled prophets could heal and work miracles 3. Scholars says Jesus was healer and exorcist 4. Jesus was most extraordinary of Jews |
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Healing Humanity historically
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1. Political situation was desperate
2. Jews had been under Roman rule and been taxed for a century 3. There were four reactions |
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Sadducees
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Well-off, accepted status quo
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Essenes
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1.Believed society was too corrupt
2. Dropped out of society 3. Lived communally, lives of fasting, pious disciplined (Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran) |
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Pharisees
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1. Stayed in society, tried to renew from within, obeyed laws
2. Seen as religious representatives of Jewish community |
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Zealot
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1. Similar to Pharisees
2. In favor or armed revolt 3. Sought recruits from Youth 4. Assassinated Sadducees |
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Zealots in Great Jewish Revolt
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1. During 66-70 CE, they revolted against Romans and were defeated at Masada, they preferred suicide to surrender
2. Led to Romans destroyed Jewish temple in 70 CE |
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Jesus took 5th way, Jesus...
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-Unlike Sadducees, Jesus wanted change
-Unlike Essenes, he worked within society w/ people -Unlike Zealots, he advocated peace -Jesus was more like Pharisees |
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How was Jesus similar to Pharisees?
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-Both accepted compassion and holiness of Yahweh
-Jesus was social prophet who attempted to break social barriers of his society and wanted to build new society based on compassion |
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Summary of Historical Jesus
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-For Jews, spirit world was real and superior
-Jesus used power of spirit world to heal bodies and hearts -Jesus had vision of spiritual society that he strove to make reality |
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Mark
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-1st and shortest gospel
-no mention of trinity, or virgin birth |
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Luke
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-2nd gospel and longest
-Jesus' life leading up to crucifixion -writing to non-jews -affirms jewish roots of Christianity -Birth of Jesus |
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Matthew
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-Presupposes Messianic community
-References Jewish audience, presumes authority of torah -Opens with genealogy of Jesus as descendant of King David |
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John
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-Jesus as logos= incarnation of the divine world
-Jesus is means of salvation; major theological writing -No virgin birth, baptism, temptation, movement away for Judaism |
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Question of Q
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"Q"= quell (german) for source
Luke and Matthew may have worked from "Q" -All four gospels were declared in 367 C.E. |
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Image of Christianity
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Church=body
Jesus=head Holy Spirit=soul Christians=cells |
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Historical View
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No salvation outside the church
(believers go to heaven and non-believers go to hell) |
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Current Views
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-Protestants have open gate for non-Christians
-Conservative Protestants believe only christians get saved |
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Visible Church
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People who know their Christians and accept it.
They go to church and believe that Jesus is lord and savior |
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Invisible Church
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People who live pious lives but are not christians
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Theology?
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Systemization of the thoughts about the symbols that religious experience gives rise to
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Theology's basic idea....
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Religious faith is focused on a vision of what is really real (ontology)
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3 distinctive theological doctrines
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-Incarnation
-Atonement -Trinity |
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Incarnation?
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-God assumed a human body (Jesus Christ)
-Christ is truly God and truly human -1st ecumenical council of Nicea of 325 CE -Aria hersey said son of God is not creater eternal -Apostle's creed 150 CE |
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Atonement?
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-Root meaning: to recover wholeness (reconciliation)
-Gap between God and humanity closed |
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Two ways to understand atonement?
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-Legalistic
-Reconciliation "Christ suffered to release us from an attachment to ourselves" |
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Trinity?
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-God is 1 but also 3
-Distinct yet identical -Council of Nicea 325 CE (Holy Spirit, Pentecost, Eternal Nature) |
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Apostle's Creed
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aka "Symbol of Apostles"
-Early statement of Christian beliefs -Widely used by Churches -Comes from 5th Century legend |
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Gnosticism
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-Matter is evil and eternal
-"Gnosis" is greek for knowledge -Believed only realm of spirit was good -Believed only certain people were cable of living spiritual lives |
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Ebinoism
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-Believed Jesus was just a good man
-He was a prophet, but not divine |
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Arian Heresy (320 CE)
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-aka "Trinitarian Controversy"
-Believed there was only one God -Therefore Jesus was not divine but instead creation of God |
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Creed of Nicea (325 CE)
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-Opposite of Arian Heresy
-Believed Jesus was part of God's subtsance |
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Creed of Chalcedon (451 CE)
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-Composed of Eastern Bishops
-Believed Jesus was part God and part human |
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Christological Doctrine (5th century to present day)
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-3 principle options
-Two separate people ( 1 divine 1 human) (middle east) -One person (divine nature) (africa) -One person (divine and human) (greek/latin) |
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Timeline
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36 CE Paul is converted
313 CE Edict of Toleration 320 CE Arian Heresy 325 CE Council of Nicea 381 CE X-ris official reli of Roman empire 451 Council of Chalcedon 1054 CE Division of RC and EO 1095-1167 Crusades 16th Protestantism develops |
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Who was Constantine ?
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-Responsible for making Christianity official reli of Roman
-Used church to promote unity |
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Who was Paul?
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-Born in Tarsus, Roman citizen
-Vision of Jesus on rd to Damascus -Apostle of Gentiles -2 main themes: Code of Conduct, Life in spirit vs. flesh |
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What did Paul do?
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-Persecuted early Christians
-Very influential in church, taught early christians how to pray/ communion -Believed salvation was achieved by faith in Jesus -Central values: faith,hope,love -Flesh life: worldly things were bad |
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Why did EO and RC church split in 1054 CE?
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-EO split of different geography and culture
-Latin in west, Greek in east -Different doctrines |
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Roman Catholic Church (Church of Rome)
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-Only Christian church for 1,000 years
-"Catholic" means universal -Two important concepts -Teaching authority (preserve faith, church is for interpretation) -Sacramental agent (channel of divine grace) |
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7 Sacramental agents
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-Baptism
-Confirmation -Marriage -Ordination -Sacrament of sick -Reconciliation -Mass |
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Who was Paul?
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-Born in Tarsus, Roman citizen
-Vision of Jesus on rd to Damascus -Apostle of Gentiles -2 main themes: Code of Conduct, Life in spirit vs. flesh |
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What did Paul do?
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-Persecuted early Christians
-Very influential in church, taught early christians how to pray/ communion -Believed salvation was achieved by faith in Jesus -Central values: faith,hope,love -Flesh life: worldly things were bad |
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Who was Paul?
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-Born in Tarsus, Roman citizen
-Vision of Jesus on rd to Damascus -Apostle of Gentiles -2 main themes: Code of Conduct, Life in spirit vs. flesh |
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Why did EO and RC church split in 1054 CE?
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-EO split of different geography and culture
-Latin in west, Greek in east -Different doctrines |
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What did Paul do?
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-Persecuted early Christians
-Very influential in church, taught early christians how to pray/ communion -Believed salvation was achieved by faith in Jesus -Central values: faith,hope,love -Flesh life: worldly things were bad |
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Roman Catholic Church (Church of Rome)
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-Only Christian church for 1,000 years
-"Catholic" means universal -Two important concepts -Teaching authority (preserve faith, church is for interpretation) -Sacramental agent (channel of divine grace) |
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Why did EO and RC church split in 1054 CE?
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-EO split of different geography and culture
-Latin in west, Greek in east -Different doctrines |
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Roman Catholic Church (Church of Rome)
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-Only Christian church for 1,000 years
-"Catholic" means universal -Two important concepts -Teaching authority (preserve faith, church is for interpretation) -Sacramental agent (channel of divine grace) |
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7 Sacramental agents
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-Baptism
-Confirmation -Marriage -Ordination -Sacrament of sick -Reconciliation -Mass |
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7 Sacramental agents
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-Baptism
-Confirmation -Marriage -Ordination -Sacrament of sick -Reconciliation -Mass |
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RC Mass/Eucharist
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aka "Holy Communion"
-Reenactment of Last Supper -Protestant communion=not every sunday -RC use wine, Protest.= grape juice -Host=bread, Chalice=wine "Transfusion of energy for God to your soul" |
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Eastern Orthodox Church (EO)
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-Church can interpret doctrines but not initiate them
-No Pope -Stresses continuity -Greek -Mysticism is encouraged -Church is one, "corporate view" -Clergy can have sex |
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Roman Catholic (RC)
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-Church can interpret doctrines and pope can initiate them
-Pope -Development of Doctrines -Latin -No mysticism -Pope can start dogma -Hierarchical in admin |
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Sainthood
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-Protestant church does not recognize saints
-Originally, Paul gave title to those who attended church regularly -2nd, title was given to special people -Criteria has changed overtime, but you must perform miracle -Disciples, angels, gospel writers |
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3 Branches of Christianity
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-Roman Catholic
-Eastern Orthodox -Protestant |
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Protestantism
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-More movement of churches than rather 1 church
-Two themes: Justification by faith, and Protestant principle |
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What is Protestant principle?
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"Don't absolutize the relative"
-Ecumenical movement is movement to mend Protestant relationships -Protestant view preacher as human like, while RC view as miracle worker -Protestant speak directly to God, RC use priest as telephone |
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Branch of Protestant, Anglicanism
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-High church: clergy are known a priest and can mary
-Low church: less catholic, known as minister or pastor -Catholics stand up for communion, not always case with Protestants -"Glossolalia" is known as speaking in tongues |
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Epistemology- inquiry into the basis of valid knowledge
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-Textual sources
-Jesus -Church as Teaching Authority (RC + EO) -Personal Faith (Protestantism) |
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Ontology- inquiry into the nature of reality
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-God is ultimate real
-God is one and three (trinity) -Natural and Supernatural worlds -Heaven= kingdom of God |
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Anthropology- inquiry into human nature
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-Humans are made in image of Christ
-Concept of "original sin" -God's beloved children -Servants of God and Jesus -Branches of the church -Members of the mystical body of Christ (church is the body, Christ is the head, spirit is the soul and christians are the cells) |
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Psychology- inquiry into nature of consciousness
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-faculties of consciousness (heart, mind, soul, flesh)
-state of consciousness (love, ego, guilt, fear) |
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Teleology- purpose of life
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-Achieve eternal salvation
-Mysticism -Be like Jesus -Participate in body of Jesus -Justify self through faith |
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Methodology- how to attain purpose of life
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-Attend church
-Study Bible -Spread good news -Do 7 sacraments -Don't absolutize the relative -Justification through church |
