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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Four Early Vedas
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Rig Veda
Yajur Veda Sama Veda Atharva Veda |
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Rig Veda
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hymns
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Yajur Veda
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sacrifice
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Sama Veda
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melodies
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Atharva Veda
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chants and incantations
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Three Early Groups in India
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Harappans
Dravidians Aryans |
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contributions of the Harappansq
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seals, religious symbols, ritual dances
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contributions of the Dravidians
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temples construction and worship, ritual dances, some specific dieties
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contributions of the Aryans
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the texts, the early and later vedas
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Hinyana Buddhism
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also Thurvada
"smaller vessel" Southeast Asia |
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Mahayana Buddhism
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"larger vessel"
Northern Asia |
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Vajrayana
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Tibet
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Four Noble Truths
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(1) Life is Suffering
(2) Suffering is Caused by Desire (3) Desire should be eliminated to eliminate suffering (4) The 8-fold path |
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The Eight-Fold Path
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1-right understanding
2-right aspiration 3-right speech 4-right conduct 5-right livilihood 6-right effect 7-right mindfullness/reflection 8-right concentration/meditaton |
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contributions of Jainism
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1)ahisma (non-violence)
2)inter-connectedness of all life 3)merit/punya, individual affects futue without a priest, temporal actions have eternal value 4)tapas, austerities and asceticism lead to spiritual fulfillment 5)dualism 6)role of women 7)status of laity 8)economic and social contributions |
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jiva
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sould of universe, includes all living things, classified by senses
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ajiva
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non-living, unconscious things in the universe
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characteristics of early vedas (in contrast to later vedas)
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-reflect life and thought of Aryans before coming to India
-view of ultimacy: happiness in the present world, long and happy life -means to goal: prayer and sacrkifice to gods -style of writing: poetry |
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characteristics of later vedas (in contrast to early vedas)
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-reflect life and though of Aryans settled in India
-view of ultimacy: release from rebirth cycle -means to goal: knowledge and meditation -role of gods greatly diminshed -style of writing: prose -addition of caste system and meditation |
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Indian Worldview
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(1)spritiual is more important than material (physical)
(2)material world conceals spiritual truth (3)human problem one of wrong thinking not wrong acting (4)individual is responsible for own actions and consequences (5)many paths (salvations) are available, each right for the individual (6)time is cyclical (7)life is circular |
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commentary on early vedas
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Brahamanas
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books of later vedas:
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Aranyakas
Upanishads (most important) |
