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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes the LH surge in the follicular phase. Where does the stimulator come from
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Estrogen causes it. Note: it is from the OVARY, not the corpus luteum, since ovulation has not yet taken place!!!
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What are the levels of calcium and Phosphate in
hypothyroidism w/wo vita d defish? |
vita d defish: hypocalcemia, and hypOphosphatemia
just hypothyroid: hypocalcemia, hypErphosphatemia |
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What results in cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism
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Estrogen in 1st, 2nd, third trimesters
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1. Corpus luteum
2,3: fetal adrenal gland, liver, placenta |
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Where is Hormone Sensitive lipase used?
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In adipose tissue
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How many C's in Palmitoyl Co A?
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16
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How many C's lost every Beta cylec?
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2. Create one acetyl Co A and one Acyl CoA (-2) Break between Alpha and Beta
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What is Omega oxidation
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Occurs in ER, not mitoch.
Converts FA omega C to alcohol, then dicarboxylic acid |
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Alpha oxidation
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Branched FAs.
!. CO2 released 2. Then each cylcle, a proprionyl CoA and acetyl co a are produced. prop goes into TCA |
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What activates LCAT in esterification of CH in HDL
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Apo A
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How is LDL taken up by tissues?
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ApoB100 (Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia)
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What increases in Acute intermittent Porphyria
What enzyme is defective |
Porphobilinogen
PBG deaminase defective |
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What increases in Ala synthase defish?
What co-factor also needed |
Succinyl CoA
this is NOT prophyria Also B6 can be deficient |
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What increases if lead is introduced into the heme synth cycle?
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ALA (ALA DHase blocked)
and PROTO IX (Ferro Chelatase is blocked) |
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What increases when prophyria cutanea tarda:
What enzyme is defective? |
URO III increases (not PROTO III)
Uro decarboxylase is defective |
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What does glucose do to GH?
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Suppresses it
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What characterizes central, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
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central diabetes: ADH not produced (dilute urine)
nephrogenic diabetes: ADH insensitivity in kidney -> dilute urine |
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In erection, what is perfused and vasodilated
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corpus cavernosum
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What does the fetal adrenal produce? What are the responsive to?
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Large quantities of DHEA. Respond to maternal ACTH.
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Where is calcitonin produced
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In the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
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What are the products of alpha oxidation (branch chain oxidation)
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1. Proprionyl co A
2. Acetyl Co A, and cycle to 1 3. Finally Isobutyryl Co A which is converted to Succinyl coa |
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What enzyme is defish in adrenoleukodystrophy?
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acyl co a synthase
in peroxisomal Beta oxidation |
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Where are HMG Co A Synthase,
HMG Co A Reductase and HMG Co A Lyase used? |
HMG Co A Synthase and HMGCo A reductase: Creation of CH from FAs in cytosol, not mitoch.
HMG Co A lyase: breakdown of FAs to KBs. KBs cannot be broken down in liver, just periph tissues. AND only Ketogenic AAs can be converted to KBs |
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Why can liver not break down KBs such as b hydroxybutyrate/
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It lacks enzyme thiophorase, otherwise known as succinyl co A: acetoacetate Co A transferase.
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What is sphingomyelin made of?
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Palmitoly co A + serine + phospho Choline
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Where is sialic acids (NANA) found?
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In Gangliosides only
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