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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ashkenazim
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Broad term for Jewish people from Central Europe
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Bar(bat) mitzvah
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"son(daughter) of the commandment" Aramaic
*the coming of age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community |
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biblical judaism
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before the destruction of the second temple
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canaan
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an ancient name for the land of israel
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conservative judaism
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a branch of judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new judaism
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covenant
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a contract
the contract between the hebrews and their God, Yahweh |
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diaspora
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the dispersion of jews beyond israel, particularly persia, egypt, and the mediterraneann region
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essenes
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a reclusive semimonastic jewish group that flourished from c. 150 BCE to 68 CE
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hanukkah
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an early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the second temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days
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holocaust
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the destruction of european judaism by the nazis, also known as shoah
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kabbalah
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"recieved"
"handed down" the whole body of jewish mystical literature |
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ketuvim
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"writings"
wisdom literature the third section of the hebrew scriptures consisting of poetry, proverbs, and literary works |
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kosher
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"ritually correct"
refers particularly to food preparation and consumption |
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menorah
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a candelabrum usually constaining seven-occasionally nine-branches, used in religious celebrations
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messaih
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a savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the jews
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midrash
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"search"
rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law |
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Nevi'im
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"prophets"
the second section of the hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books |
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orthodox judaism
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the most tradictional branch of judaism
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passover
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a joyful sping festival that recalls the hebrews exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression
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pharisees
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a faction during the second temple period that emphasized the observation of biblical rules
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prophet
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a person inspired by god to speak for him
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purim
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a joyous festival in early spring that recalls the jews being saved from destruciton, as told in the book of esther
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rabbi
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a religious teacher, a jewish minister
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rabbinical judaism
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judaism that developed after the destruciton of the second temple
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reconstructionism
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a modern liberal branch of judaism that emphasized the cultural aspects of judaism
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reform
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a movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized judaism; a liberal branch of judaism
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rosh hashanah
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"beginning of the year"
celebration of the jewish new year, occuring in the seventh lunar month |
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sabbath
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"rest"
the seventh day of hte week (saturday) a day of prayer and rest from work |
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sadducees
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a priestly faction
influential during the second temple period |
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seder
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"order"
a special ritual meal at passover, recalling the hebrews exodus from egypt |
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sephardim
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jews of spain, morocco, and the mediterranean region
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sukkot
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"booths"
a festival in the late autumn that recalls the jews period of wandering in the desert after their exodus from egypt |
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talit
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a prayer shawl worn by devout males
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talmud
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an encyclopedic commentary on the hebrew scriptures
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tanakh
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the complete hebrew scriptures made up of the torah, prophets, and writings
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tefillin
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*phylacteries
*two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by orthodox males on their head and left arm at morning prayer during the week |
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theophany
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a revelation of appearance of God
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torah
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"teaching"
"instruciton" the first five books of the hebrew scriptures, additional instructions from God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis |
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western wall
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the foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of jerusalem, today a place of prayer
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yarmulke
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the skullcap worn by devout males
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yom kippur
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day of atonement
the most sacred day of the jewish year |
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zealots
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an anti-roman nationalistic jewish faction, active during the roman period of control over israel.
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zionism
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the movemsnt that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of israel.
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What does it mean to be a jew?
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*Be in continuing dialogue with God
*Recognize God as the one source of riteous living *Acknowledge scriptural obligations *See history as shaped by a special relationship with God *Be part of the people Israel |
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Demography of Jewish people
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spread all over the world
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when did did israel become a jewish state?
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1948
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When did the jewish people find a homeland in israel?
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during the holocaust
1935-1945 |
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What are the five books of moses? (the torah)
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*genesis
*exodus *leviticus *numbers *deuteronomy |
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Adam
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the first man
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Eve
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The first woman
at from the tree of knowledge |
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Adam and eve
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the first humans
were thrown out of paradise |
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Noah
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made an ark to save him and his family from the great flood. he led a virtuous life so he was chosen
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Who are the patriarchs?
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abraham
isaac jacob |
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abraham
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*god spoke to him
*made a special covenant w/god *god gave him promises and specific stipulations |
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Isaac
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*the son of sarah and abraham
*abraham had to sacrifice him because god told him to |
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Jacob
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*He had 12 sons
*son of Isaac *fleed to egypt to escape famine *decendents became slaves in egypt |
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Moses and the Exodus
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*moses was called to save Gods people from slavery
*God sent 10 plagues on Egyptians |
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What does Exodus mean?
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going out from egypt
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pesach(passover)
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*annual jewish celebration of exodus
*god passed over egypt *death of the 1st born *israelites marked door so they were saved |
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Mount Sinai
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the reception of the torah from god to moses
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Ark of the Covenant
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*Contained tablets of 10 Commandments.
*Symbolic throne of the Lord (YHWH) |
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What are the Phillistines?
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*threatened Israel
*Seafaring enemy *Migrated from Crete to Canaan *Armed with iron weapons *Their invasion made Israel realize they need a strong leader |
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Early kings of Israel (3)
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David
Soloman Saul |
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Golden age
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under the rule of david and soloman
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2 accounts of the hebrews invading canaan
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joshua (more dramatic)
judges (more gradual) |
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What is soloman's temple called?
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Yahweh
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What were the two kingdoms after soloman died?
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Israel in the North, Judah in the South
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Who destroyed the israel kingdom?
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Assyrians in 722 BCE
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Who were the prophets?
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Navi
*Emissaries sent by God *Speak on behalf of God to Israel and Judah *Interpreted these historical events |
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What was the message of the prophets?
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God demands and rewards obedience
God punishes disobedience God is God of all nations, not just the Israelites God uses other nations to punish Israel. God will not give up easily on the people God will send a Messiah, or anointed one Restoration of Israel at end of world |
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Who destroyed the First Temple?
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Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylonia)
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When was the first temple destroyed?
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586 BCE
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What was the effect of the Babylonian exile in 586 BCE?
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*Babylon became the center of jewish life
*Temple ritual was de-emphasized *Oral traditions were written *The language changed to arabic |
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Cyrus
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conquered babylon
persian king allowed jews to return (6c. BCE) built the 2nd temple |
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When did the Romans take over?
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in 63 BCE
by Pompey |
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When was the second temple destroyed?
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in 70 BCE
it ended priesthood |
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Mishnah + Gemara =
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Talmud
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circumcision
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removal of foreskin from penis
done shortly after birth a right of passage |
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12 sons of israel
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Jacob's sons
Each one is ancestor of a tribe in Israel Decendents become slaves of egypt |
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Septuagint
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greek version of the hebrew bible
translated during the time of alexander the great |
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King Antiochus IV
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*tried to destroy judaism
*forbade many of their rituals *Temple became shrine to Zeus |
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Maccabean Revolt
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where Hannuka celebration comes from
revolt against antiochus |
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Pharisees
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provided new leadership
established academy leaders of synagogue tradition |
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priest
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head of jewish household
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What is the most coplete Talmud?
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The babylonian Talmud (600 CE)
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Zohar
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Book of Splendor
central work of Kabbalah theory of redemption |
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Hasidism
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emphasized meditative prayer
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Israel ben Eliezer 18th c.
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"master of the good name"
founder of hasidism healer and miracle worker emphasized joy |
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Tzaddik
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righteous one
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Haskalah movement
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judaism enlightenment
18c. |
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what does zionism reject?
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acommodation
assimilation |
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theodor Herzl
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19c. CE
founded zionism |
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Weekly Sabbath of Judaism
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friday sundown to saturday sundown
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