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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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copyist
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one who copies manuscripts
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textual criticism
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the field of study in which the primary purpose is to establish the most accurate form of the biblical text
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Masoretic text
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the first successful preservation of the Hebrew Bible by the Jews, dated to about 1000 AD from people called Masoretes. began process of collecting texts around 400 AD
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The Septuagint
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the first translation of the Hebrew Bible in Greek as a result of Ptolemy II’s desire to have a good library. First copies of the Septuagint date from 4th century
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papyrus
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paper made of reeds
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Chester Beatty Papyri
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an early copy of most of the New Testament
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uncials
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copies of the New Testament in all uppercase
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codex
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a manuscript in the form of a book rather than a traditional scroll
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Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus
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3 important Greek translations of the Hebrew Bible dating from the 4th century; all remain fairly close to the original
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formal correspondence
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as much a word for word rendering as possible
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dynamic equivalence
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putting translations into one’s own words
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The King James Version
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the best attempt yet to keep the original translation’s meaning while using standard English
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Textus Receptus
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the studied and criticized text used in the KJV
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inspiration
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the level of divinity or input by God in a passage
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allegory
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literary device used by Paul and Philo, used to tell stories using metaphors and figurative language
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Origen and John Chrysostom
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argued that biblical inaccuracies were the result of a divine message and they really had deeper meaning
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autograph
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original Biblical text
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plenary or verbal inspiration
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the idea that the word of God is perfect and the Bible is flawless
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Leningrad Codex
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Hebrew Bible from Middle Ages, part of Masoretic text from 1000 AD
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Scriptio Continua
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Latin for “no spaces”
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parablesis
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to look past; to overlook. Happened frequently with copyists and the long scrolls with tiny letters
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etiology
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a narrative that describes the origin of something using figurative language rather than literal description and fact
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Abraham and Sarah
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the single couple from which the nation of Israel comes
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legend
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ahistorical stories that ancient people told about their ancestors, help to define people’s character, gives justifications for their distinctions
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Yahweh
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God's name as revealed to Moses
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Elohim
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more general name for Hebrew God
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Jehovah
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Yahweh as it appears in the KJV
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Adonai
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"The Lord" in Hebrew
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Nephilim
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children created by other worldly beings (“sons of God” in Genesis) and human women, violent and powerful
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tabernacle
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a portable worship structure
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Mosaic Covenant
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the agreement between God and Moses that was given to Moses on Mt. Sinai; it says that God will make the Israelites his chosen people if they put no other gods before them
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ritual purity
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being properly prepared to approach a god or holy space
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Holiness Code
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Chapters 17-26 of Leviticus; tells the Israelites how to live a holy life
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Balaam
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a known pagan priest summoned by King Moab to curse the Israelites when they begin to approach; convinced by God to obey God. He finds himself only able to bless Israel
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cities of refuge
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the first step in the Israelites establishment of a justice system; places to which those commit a homicide could go to receive a fair trial rather than just be summarily executed
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literal definition of Deuteronomy
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"second law"
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Deuteronomistic History
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the telling of the story of the life of the nations of the Israelites from the perspective of the paradigm set out in Deuteronomy (faithfulness helps the nation, unfaithfulness will destroy it); Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, and 1 and 2 Kings are all written from this perspective
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The Shema
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the single sentence summary of Israel’s faith that many Jews still repeat today; it says, “Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord alone (Deut. 6:4)
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levirate marriage
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when the closest relative of a man who dies with no children must marry the widow and keep having children in the man’s name
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judges
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Israelite leaders who emerged and brought tribes together to fight off common enemies
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levirate marriage
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when the closest relative of a man who dies with no children must marry the widow and keep having children in the man’s name
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judges
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Israelite leaders who emerged and brought tribes together to fight off common enemies
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Samuel
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a major prophet in the Hebrew Bible
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Eli
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a man in charge of a sanctuary in Shiloh
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ark of the covenant
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a specifically designed box that contains various religious artifacts
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Dagon
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the Philistine god; it’s in his temple that they put the ark
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theophany
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a vision from God
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classical prophecy
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8th Century BC, the prophets from this era are the standard for evaluating all other prophets
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