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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the meaning of Israelite?
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God's chosen people. Hebrew people who inhabited the ancient kingdom of Israel. Decendent of Jacob.
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What is the meaning of Jew?
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A person of the ancient kingdom of Judah
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What is the meaning of Hebrew?
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Decent of Abraham, Jacob, and Isaac. Israelite.
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About how many Judaism believers are there?
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about 14 million
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Is there a real founder in Judaism?
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No
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What is the Tanak?
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*3 books
*Torah, Nevi'im, Kethuvim *it is both oral and written |
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Torah
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*Laws of Moses
*teaching *historical narrative *ethics of justice *books of moses |
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Nevi'im
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prophets
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Kethuvim
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*writings
*proverbs *song lyrics *poetry |
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Who was Adam?
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*the first man
*was expelled from paradise |
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Who was Eve?
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*the first woman
*reason for expulsion from paradise |
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Who was Noah?
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*the great flood
*built ark *God would would never destro the earth by flood again |
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Who were the Patriarchs?
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Abraham
Isaac Jacob 12 Sons of Israel |
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Who was Abraham?
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*God called onto him
*made a covenant with God *was challenge by having to kill his son Isaac |
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What is the day of rest for Jewish believers?
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from sunset friday to sunset saturday
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Isaac
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*Father of Jacob
*was sacrificed by his father Abraham *he had a miraculous birth |
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Who was Jacob?
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*he had 12 sons who becames slaves of Egypt
*he and sons had to flee to Egypt to escape famine |
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What did the covenant with Abraham consist of?
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*all of his sons and their decendents must be circumcised
*worship only one God |
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Priests
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A person having the authority to perform and administer religious rites
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Who is Moses? 1500-1280 BCE
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*he liberated God's people (hebrews)
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Exodus of Egypt
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"going away from Egypt"
God sent ten plagues to egypt so they would free his people |
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What is Passover (Pesach)
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*last plague
*killed the first born sons of egyptians *an annual jewish celebration of hebrews |
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Mount Sinai
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*Where the Torah was recepted
*10 commandments |
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10 commandments
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*part of the Torah
*specific do's and dont's *in the Arch of the Covenant |
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Philistines
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*seafairing enemy that threatened Israel
*realized they needed a strong monarch *they were armed with iron weapons |
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What is Joshua's view of the Hebrew invasion of Canaan?
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it was very dramatic and happened very sudden
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What is Judges' view of the Hebrew invasion of Canaan?
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gradual
it is supported by archaelogical evidence |
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Who was Saul?
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The first king of Israel
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Who was David?
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*dominated much of Syria-Palestine
*made Jerusalem political and capital city |
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Who was Soloman?
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*he built the first temple in Jerusalem
*literacy activity flourished during his order |
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Soloman's Temple
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*did not contain a divine image
*priests talked with God on behalf of the people *offerings were made to God |
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What were the two kingdoms that formed after Soloman's Death? 10th c. BCE
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Israel of the North
Judah of the South 922 BCE |
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Who destroyed the kingdom of Israel?
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Assyrians in 722 BCE
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What is a Prophet (nevi)?
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*receive messages from god
*the messages are about what he does and about the future |
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Who destroyed the 1st temple?
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*Nebuchadnezzar II in 586 BCE
*Babylon |
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What were the consequences of the Babylonian exhile in 586 BCE?
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The people lost their independence, King, temple, and land
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What were the effects of the Babylon exhile?
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*babylon became the center of jewish life
*Temple ritual was deemphasized *The written word became more important *the hebrew language was replace by Aramaic |
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Who was Cyrus?
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*conquered babylon
*allowed jews to return to their homeland in 6 c. BCE *jews were allowed to rebuild soloman's temple |
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Diaspora
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babylon became a center for jewish life
despersion of jews |
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Septuagint
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*greek version of the hebrew bible
*translated during the time of Alexander the Great |
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When did the Romans take over?
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63 BCE
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Sadducees
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*a priestly faction
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Essenes
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a reclusive semimonastic Jewish group that flourished from 150 BCE-68CE
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Pharisees
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a faction during the second temple time that emphasized the observation of biblical rules
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Zealots
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*anti roman
*active during roman rule |
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Destruction of the second temple (70CE_
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*ended power of priesthood
*emphasized scriture interpretation *power went to Rabbis |
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What is a Rabbi?
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*a religious teacher
*given power after the second temple was destroyed |
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Rabbinic Judaism
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afte the destruction of the second temple
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Synagogue
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jewish house of worship
religious gathering |
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Midrash
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search
rabbinical commetary on the scriptures and oral law |
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talmud
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Mishna + Gamara = Talmud
There are two of them |
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What is the most complete Talmud?
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The babylonian Talmud 600 CE
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Ashkenaz
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broad term for central european jews
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Sepharad
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jews of spain, morocco, and mediterranean region
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Kabbalah
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"recieved" "handed down"
the whole body of mystical literature in judaism |
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Zohar
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"Book of Slendor"
ca. 1300 central work of Kabbalah contain the theory of redemption |
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Hasidism
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*emphasized meditative prayer
*Founder was Israel ben Eliezer |
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Who was Israel ben Eliezer 18c.
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*founder of hasidism
*known as Besht (master of the good name) |
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Tzaddik
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riteous one
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Haskalah Movement
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18c. CE
enlightenment |
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Orthodox Judaism
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most traditional
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Concervative Judaism
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attempts to blend the new and old
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Reform Judaism
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*questioned and modernized judaism
*liberal |
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Zionism
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*founder was Theodor Herzl
*19c. CE *called for a separate jewish state *rejected accommodation/assimilaiton |
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What was the Holocaust?
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A state sponser program that tried to radicate all jews
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What are the rites of passage?
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circumcision
bar mitzvah |
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Kosher Diet
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*Ritually correct
*rule are in talmud *acceptable manner of consumption |
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Rosh Hashanah
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new year
in september or october |
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yom kippur
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day of atonement
10 days after rosh hashanah prayers for forgiveness and reconciliation |
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Bar Mitzvah
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the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community
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Hanukkah
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an early winter festival recalling the rededication of the second temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days
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Purim
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a joyous festival in early spring that recalls the jews' eing saved from destruction, as told int he book of esther
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seder
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"order"
a special ritual meal at passover, recalling the hebrews' exodus from egypt |
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sukkkot
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"booths"
a festival int he late autumn that recalls the jews' perod of wandering in the desert after their exodus from egypt |
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talit
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a prayer shawl worn by devout males
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tefillin
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two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by orhtodox male on the their head and left arm at morning prayer during the week
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yarmulke
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the skullcap worn by devout males
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