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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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610
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Muhammad's 1st revelation
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622
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Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Yathrib
Hijra |
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632
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death of muhammad
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661
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Death of ali and beginning of the Umayyad empire
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680
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Karbala
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750
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end of the umayyad empire and the beginning of the abbasid empire
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1258
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end of the abbasid empire
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What is the Isamic view of Christianity and Judaism
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*Christians and Jews have gone astray
*muhammad was sent to restore the true faith |
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Meaning of Islam
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surrender to God
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Meaning of Muslim
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follower of allah
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Allah
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The arabic word for God
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Islam Demography
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2nd largest religion
1.3 billion followers |
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Similarities between islam, christianity, and judaism
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*came from the middle east
*one God *Universal prophetic message *angels *satan *judgement |
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Prophet Muhammad
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The ideal believer
Founder of Islam Received a revelation at mount Hira |
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Quran
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*"recitation"
*God's words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad *an authorized edition of the written words that appeared after muhammad's death |
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Sura
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*chapter of the Quran
*each one has a new traditional name, derived from an image or topic in it |
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Mecca
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*pre islamic trad and relious center
*made from a meteorite *believed to have been sent from God |
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Kaaba
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*cube shaped shrine of mecca
*focal point for muslim's daily prayers and the annual pilgrimage *before muhammad |
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Miraj
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*has only a vague reference in the Quran
*"ascension" *muhammad was carried to jerusalem *ascended to the seven heavens *met with other prophets like Adam and Jesus |
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Hijira
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*"migration"
*journey of muhammad and his companions from Mecca to Medina *Muhammad built a new community of faith |
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Why is Hijira significant?
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*Muslim dates were established
*community changed * |
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Umma
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*the worldwide Muslim community
*community of a prophet |
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Why was Yathrib, later called medina, responsive to the message of the Prophet?
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*monotheistic influence of Jewish community
*Promise a new moral order *neutral leader to resore order between tribes |
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Qibla
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*direction of prayer
*direction toward mecca *direction toward which muslims pray |
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When did the civil war start?
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When 'Uthman died
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Shi'i
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*minority branch of Islam
*says that Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law Ali |
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Hadith
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*"recollection"
*report of tradition of the sayings and deeds of the prophet *contains his excemplary practice or sunna *2nd source of authority for muslims after the quran |
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Sunna
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*"troden path"
*originally tribal custom of preislamic arabs *example of the way a muslim should live |
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Who were the rightly guided Caliphs?
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*Abu Bakr
*Umar *Uthman *Ali |
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What were the major achievement of the caliphs?
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*conquest of Arabia and Persia
*Definitive edition of the Quran (uthman) *Developement of lunar calandar *muhammad's unique position as seal of prophets |
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Madhabs
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schools of Jurisprudence
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What is sufism?
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*"rough wool"
*islamic mysticism *a group of devotional movements in Islam *goal is unity with God |
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What is the origin of the word Sufism?
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It comes from the word suf (wool), they wore simple wool clothing
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What is the name of a Sufi master?
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Sheykh
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What is the name of a Sufi brotherhood?
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Tariqa
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Dhikr
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"remembrance"
*Sufi group practice of invoking the name of Allah *rememberance to Allah by reciting his name 99 times |
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What are two famous Islamic Empires?
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Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire |
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Who are two important Mughal Empire leaders?
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Akbar (tolerant)
Aurangzeb (not so tolerant) |
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What are the 5 pillars?
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-profession of faith (shahada)
-daily prayers (salat) -alms (zakat) -fasting (sawm) -pilgrimage (hajj) |
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Shahada
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profession of faith
"there is no other God but Allah" |
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Ramadan
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*9th month of Muslim calandar
*muslims fast during the day *celebrates the first revelation of Muhammad *Ends with the feast of Eid al-Fitr |
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Hajj
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pilgrimage to mecca
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What was muhammad's tribe?
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The Quraysh tribe
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The city of Mecca
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*when Muhammad was born it was the center of religious pilgrimage
*contained a Kabah |
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Why was Muhammad's message threatening to Mecca's culture at the time of his first revelation?
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*he promoted the need for kindness, honesty, support of the poor, and protection of the weak
*did not support their polytheistic ways *demanded the destruction of statues and images *denounced their way of trading |
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Why is the Hijira significant?
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1. it is a time when muhammad's message becomes favorable
2. establishes the first islamic community (umma) |
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What are the three most sacred cities of Islam?
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Mecca, Jerusalem, and Medina
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How many times do Muslim people pray in a day?
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5 times
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What is Eid al-Adha?
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The day of sacrifice
*celebrated during the month of Hajj *every household is expected to make a sacrifice |
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Women's Roles
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*she is veiled when outside
*husband and family are only allowed to see her face *only expected to socialize with female friends and relatives *household work, but can keep a job |
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Umayyad Empire
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-661-750 CE
-administrative and military apparatus was adopted -absorbed the cultural influence of Rome |
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Abbasid Empire
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-750 CE
-golden age of islam -adopted a lot of persian influence |
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Sunni
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"tradition" "example"
-focus on the traditional teachings of Muhammad -does not separate political life from religious life -created a society surrounding their beliefs |
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Shariah
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"path"
-the whole body of Islamic law -guides muslims' lives |
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Who are the twelvers?
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-imams
-12 successors -1st was Ali |
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Imams
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-legitimate successor of the prophet
-particularly Ali and his successors |
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Husayn
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grandson of ali
4th caliph, cousin of muhammad |
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Quran during the Meccan period
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suras are short
earliest suras are at the end |
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Ashura
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an important fast day for Sunni Muslims
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Karbala
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-the site of Ali's death
-pilgrimage site for Shiite Muslims |
