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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Flu like symptoms lead to Encephalitis |
WNV |
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Inf Agent |
Flavivirus Spp |
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Reservior: Transmission: |
- crosw/blue jays, humans are dead end hosts
- many species of mosq |
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During the mosquito disease transmission the virus must _____________ |
Infect the mosq Gut, then Body cavity, and then propagate the inf agent; finally must infect salivary glands and corries into bite |
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_____ does NOT infect mosquito cells and does Not propagate in the mosquito |
HIV |
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Only _______ feed on blodd |
Females |
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Mosquito Life cycle (First Stage) |
Egg- Larvae- Pupae- Adult (only Larvae/Pupae breathe air) |
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During Summer approx ____ to ____ days from egg to adult |
10 - 14 days |
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Mosquito Life cycle (2nd Stage) example |
Anoheles (Genus); Malaria Mosq; Adult Female (Overwintering Stage); single eggs on water (egg laying site) |
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Most mosq larvae breath through spiracles on ____ abdominal segment to the water surface |
8th |
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Best way to control mosq, i.e. dispose of old tires, drain buckets, drain wetlands |
Physical controls |
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e.g. mosq-eating fish such as Gambusia, BTI (parasitic bact feeds on larvae) |
Biological control |
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use of natural and synthetic chemicals |
chemical control |
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When larvae are Concentrated, Immobile, Accessible: this is why larviciding is so important |
CIA Principle |
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Best method of Active mosq control: tx breading sites, catch basins, still waters |
Larviciding |
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Stops maturation |
Juvenile hormoses |
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best used for control of disease: kills infected mosq |
Adulticide |
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Ultra Low Volume (ULV) fogger used for _______ |
Ground Adulticiding |
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-ULV creates cloud of 7-22u size droplets -uses only a few oz or less per acre -highly effective -must be justified by _______ |
Surveillance |
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Surveillance is very important to calibrate mosq control ops; e.g. inspection/dipping of water impoundments will determine if they are sources of ________ |
mosquitoes |
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adult mosq traps can be used to detrmine "______" for adult spraying |
action thresholds |
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Mosquito Traps: Which catches Culex when they attempt to lay thier eggs |
Gravid Trap |
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Mosquito Traps: Which is the most commonly used trap (mosq attracted to light) |
(New Jersy) NJ light trap |
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1. Dawn 2. Dusk 3. Dress 4. Deet 5. Drain |
5 D's of Mosquito Prevention |
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Evidence indicates these are NOT effective for Mosq Control |
- Anti-mosq plants - Buzzers - Purple Martin Birds (they are day-flying birds!) - Bat Houses (remember rabies) - Bug zappers - "New" CO2 traps |
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Flea Biology: Adults feed on Blood; larvae feed on _______ found in carpeting |
Detritus (Non-living particulate organic material) |
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Flea pupae can survive for weeks and _____ |
months |
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In homes the flea is associated with pets or _____ |
Wild mammals in an attic |
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Most common species of flea; prefers to bite dogs or cats |
Cat flea |
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What flea is much rarer in the US than cat flea |
Human flea |
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Flea Control |
Tx by VETS is best |
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More Flea control |
-removal of wild animals -cleaning/vacuuming carpet -spot tx of areas where fleas may breed -use of precor |
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Types of Flea Zoonotic Disease |
- Plague (Western US ground squirrels - Flea-borne Typhus Fever or Murine Typhus (louse borne as well but rare) - Tapeworms (by ingestion) - Flea bite Allergy |
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Bubonic Plague (Black Plague) is transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea infected w/ _____ located on a ground squirrel/rodent |
Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) NOT- Yersinoisis |
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Transmission bite of infected Xenopsylla cheopis flea |
Black plague |
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P2P inhalation of contaminated droplets |
Pneumonic Plague |
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Black plague reservior |
wild rodents especially ground squirrels |
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50-60% untreated case mortality |
Black (Bubonic) Plague -12 cases per yr US; World 1-3K |
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Murine Typhus or Endemis Typhus: similar to but milder thanlouse-borne typhus |
Rickettsia typhi |
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R. typhi Reservior |
rats/mice |
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R. typhi transmission |
infected rat fleas (usually X. cheopis) |
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Important Tick Species |
-Deer tick: Lyme -American Dog Tick: RMSF/Tularemia -Lone Star Tick: Ehrlichiosis/Tularemia |
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Dermacentor (wood/Amer Dog) Tick |
Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever |
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Ixodes (Deer/Blacklegged) Tick |
Lyme Disease |
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Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) |
Ehrlichiosis |
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Dermacentor (Amer Dog tick) A. americanum (lone star tick) |
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) |
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Ticks as Vecotrs: Ticks transmit |
Bacteria Protozoa |
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Ticks do Not transmit |
viruses |
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RMSF Infective Agent |
Rickettsia (R.) rickettsea |
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RMSF Transmission Tick |
Dermacentor spp. (wood tick or Amer Dog Tick) by tick fluids, crushed tick tissues/feces
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RMSF reservoir |
rodents (of R. rickettsea) |
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Presents as rash and joint pain -difficult to dx - untx case fatality rate 13-25% |
RMSF |
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RMSF population at risk |
children under 10 yrs -males over 40ost lethal and most frequent yrs -native americans -frequent exposure to dogs with access to wooded areas |
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Most lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the US |
RMSF |
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Most cases in S. Atlantic region -North Carolina -Oklahoma Very few cases in Rock Mtns |
Rocky MT Spot Fever |