Regulation Of Mineral Ion Homeostasis And Bone Metabolism

Front 1

Parathyroid hormone is one of the regulator for regulating mineral ion homeostasis and bone metabolism

T/F

Back 1

True

Front 2

Parathyroid hormone is an -----amino acid peptide

Back 2

84

Front 3

Parathyroid hormone is secreted by ----pairs of parathyroid gland which is located----to the thyroid gland

Back 3

A. 2

B. Posterior

Front 4

-----is the major regulatory signals of parathyroid hormone secretion

Back 4

Serum ca

Front 5

Parathyroid receptors are located

Back 5

Bone

GIT

Kidney

Front 6

Parathyroid hormone maintains the plasma ca conc T/F

Back 6

True

Front 7

Physiological fxns of parathyroid hormone

Back 7

1. Stimulates calcitriol which in turns increases ca absorption from the intestine

2. Promotes excretion of phosphate

3. Promotes Ca reabsorption by d kidney

4. Mobilises Ca from d bone

Front 8

Vit D is a

Back 8

Secosterol hormone

Front 9

Vit D is present in --- form

Back 9

2 forms

1. Exogenous form (vit D2)

2. Endogenous form (vit D3)

Front 10

Vit D2 is also called

Back 10

Ergocalciferol

Front 11

Vit D3 is also called

Back 11

Cholecalciferol

Front 12

Vit D2 is gotten from

Back 12

Is produced by UV irradiation of the plant sterol-ergosterol which is available in diet

Front 13

Vit D3 is synthesized from

Back 13

In the skin from cholesterol metabolite 7-dehydrocholesterol under d influence of UV radiation

Front 14

Fxns of vit D

Back 14

ca and phosphate

1. Increases absorption of ca and phosphate

2. Increases Ca reabsorption in d kidney

3. Mobilises Ca from d bone

Front 15

Calcitonin is a 30 amino acid peptide T/F

Back 15

False

It is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone

Front 16

Calcitonin is secreted by

Back 16

Parafollicular C-cells found in the thyroid follicles

Front 17

Fxns of calcitonin

Back 17

1. Inhibits bone resorption

2. Increases Ca and phosphorous excretion

3. Decreases blood level of Ca and phosphorous

Front 18

Effects of glucocorticoids in Ca and skeletal metabolism

Back 18

The end effects of glucocorticoids on the skeletal system are the result of systemic effects on bone metabolism and of direct actions on bone cells, which alter bone cell counts and predispose to bone loss.

Front 19

Effects of growth hormone in Ca and skeletal metabolism

Back 19

1. Growth hormone resulted in a significant increase in the rates of absorption of Ca

2. accretion of Ca into bone, resorption of Ca from bone and skeletal retention of Ca, and also in the sizes of the exchangeable Ca pools.

3. Retention of phosphorus was also significantly increased

Front 20

Effects of insulin in Ca and skeletal metabolism

Back 20

that insulin stimulates bone resorption

Front 21

Effects of androgen Ca and skeletal metabolism

Back 21

Albright and Reifenstein recognized that androgens help prevent bone loss and osteoporosis in aging men, and that androgens play a role in building the skeleton in young adults

Front 22

Effects of thyroid in Ca and skeletal metabolism

Back 22

Thyroid hormones exert major influences on bone and mineral metabolism. Hyperthyroidism induces an accelerated bone loss and may thereby increase the risk of low-energy fractures. Hypothyroidism has the opposite effect

Front 23

Disorders of mineral ion homeostasis and bone

Back 23

1. Abnormal ca metabolism( hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia)

2. Disturbed phosphate metabolism

3. Disorders of vitD(hypervitaminosis)

4. Vit D deficiency

5. Osteoporosis(primary and secondary)

6. Pagets disease

7. Renal osteodystropy

Front 24

Hypercaemia occurs when

Back 24

Cell ca is increased;btw 12 and 14mg/dl

Front 25

Hypercalcaemia is caused by

Back 25

Primary hyperparathyrodism

Front 26

Symptoms of hypercalemia

Back 26

Anorexia( loss of appetite)

Constipation

Diffused abdominal pain

Muscle weakness

Fatigue

Depression

Front 27

Hypocalcemia

Back 27

When cell ca is within 8-8.5mg/dl

Front 28

Hypocalcemia is caused by

Back 28

Malabsorption

Hypoparathyrodism

Front 29

Vit D deficiency causes what?

Back 29

Rickets in children

Osteomalacia in adult

Front 30

We have primary and secondary osteoporosis. T/F

Back 30

True

Front 31

Primary osteoporosis is divided into

Back 31

Type1

Type2

Front 32

Type I characterised by

Back 32

Loss of trabecular bone due to lack of oestrogen at menopause

Front 33

Type 2 is characterised by

Back 33

Loss of cortical and trabecular bone in men and women due to

Long term remodelling inefficiency

Dietary inadequacy

Activation of parathyroid axis with age

Front 34

Secondary osteoporosis

Back 34

Due to systemic illness and medications such as glucocorticols or phenytoin

Front 35

Paget's disease is characterised

Back 35

By single or multiple site of disordered bone remodelling

Front 36

Renal osteodystrophy

Back 36

As a result of chronic renal failure and dialysis

There is increased serum phosphate and decreased ca