Regulation Of Fat Metabolism And Random Facts

Front 1

stearic acid

Back 1

16 carbons long fatty acid
saturated

Front 2

palmitic acid

Back 2

14 carbons long fatty acid
saturated

Front 3

linoleic acid

Back 3

18 carbons long, DB: 9,12

Front 4

oleic acid

Back 4

18 carbons long DB: 9

Front 5

linolenic acid

Back 5

18 carbons long DB: 9,12,15

Front 6

arachidonic acid

Back 6

20 carbons long DB: 5,8,11,14

Front 7

Glycerophospholipid are the main constituents of?

Back 7

biological membranes

Front 8

hydrophillic alcholol? and the glycerophospholipids that they spurn?

Back 8

Ethanolamine- Phosphatidylethanolamin (cephalin)
Inositol- Phosphatidylinositol
Choline- Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

Front 9

Sphingophospholipid

Back 9

sphingosine+fatty acid+ amino alcohol or sugar alcohol
Found in nerve cell membranes

Front 10

Ceramide

Back 10

sphingosine+ fatty acid (amide bond)

Front 11

Sphingomyelin

Back 11

(myelin sheaths)

Front 12

glycolipid

Back 12

sphingosine+FA+mono or oligosaccharide

Front 13

ganglioside

Back 13

type of glycolipid
CERAMIDE+Oligosaccharide

Front 14

cerebroside

Back 14

type of glycolipid
CERAMIDE+ Gal (Glc)
Galactocerebroside

Front 15

how many carbons is terpene

Back 15

10C

Front 16

how many carbons is isoprene

Back 16

5C

Front 17

Monoterpene 10

Back 17

2x isoprene

Front 18

sesquiterpene 15

Back 18

3x isoprene

Front 19

diterpene 20

Back 19

4x isoprene

Front 20

triterpene 30

Back 20

6x isoprene

Front 21

tetraterpene 40

Back 21

8x isoterpene

Front 22

menthol

Back 22

c10

Front 23

phytol

Back 23

c20

Front 24

B-carotene

Back 24

c40

Front 25

squalene

Back 25

c30

Front 26

during steroid synthesis Carbon no. changes from

Back 26

c27 to c21 to c19 or c18

Front 27

glucocorticoid C no?

Back 27

21

Front 28

mineral corticoid

Back 28

aldosterone 32

Front 29

diterpene 20

Back 29

4x isoprene

Front 30

triterpene 30

Back 30

6x isoprene

Front 31

tetraterpene 40

Back 31

8x isoterpene

Front 32

menthol

Back 32

c10

Front 33

phytol

Back 33

c20

Front 34

B-carotene

Back 34

c40

Front 35

squalene

Back 35

c30

Front 36

during steroid synthesis Carbon no. changes from

Back 36

c27 to c21 to c19 or c18

Front 37

glucocorticoid C no?

Back 37

21

Front 38

mineral corticoid

Back 38

aldosterone 32

Front 39

progesterone

Back 39

c21

Front 40

testosterone

Back 40

c19

Front 41

estrogen

Back 41

c18

Front 42

bile acids

Back 42

formed from cholesterol in liver

Front 43

primary bile acids

Back 43

cholic acid
chenodeoxycholic acid

Front 44

secondary bile acids

Back 44

deoxycholic acid
lithocholic acid

they all emulsify fat

Front 45

hormone sensitive lipase REG

Back 45

activation: catecholamines, glucagon
Inhibition: insulin, prostaglandins

Front 46

lipoprotein lipase REG

Back 46

activation: insulin, apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II)

Front 47

carnitine acyltransferase REG

Back 47

activation
inhibition: malonyl-CoA= intermediate of FA synthesis
High insuling/glucagon

Front 48

ketogenesis occurs?

Back 48

only in liver mitochondria

Front 49

HMG-CoA is formed where?

Back 49

during ketogenesis AND in cytoplasm during cholesterol synthesis

Front 50

ketone degradation occurs where?

Back 50

in extrahepatic tissues as well as the brain during starvation for both

Front 51

acetyl coA carboxylase

Back 51

activation: citrate, insulin, low fat, energy rich high saccharide diet
inhibition: acyl coa (16-18), glucagon-phosphorylation, repression, lipid rich diet, starvation

Front 52

fatty acid synthase FA

Back 52

activated: phosphorylated saccharides, low fat, energy rich high saccharide diet
inhibition: glucagon- repression "", lipid rich diet, starvation.

Front 53

where are TAGS synthesises?

Back 53

in cytoplasm of liver and fat cells

Front 54

phosphatidic acid phosphatase REG

Back 54

Activation: steroid hormones

Front 55

lipoprotein lipase (important specifically for fatty tissue)

Back 55

activation: insulin, apolipoprotein C-II

Front 56

VLDL, IDL, LDL apoprotein

Back 56

B100

Front 57

HDL apoprotein

Back 57

CII

Front 58

Chylomicrons, remnants

Back 58

B48, CII

Front 59

HDL blood conc

Back 59

2.6mmol/l

Front 60

LDL blood conc

Back 60

3.9mmol/l

Front 61

where is cholesterol made plus specifically

Back 61

liver, intestine, skin, adrenal cortex, In Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 62

post hmg coA what happens to cholesterol synth and ketogenesis

Back 62

cholesterol synth continues in the cytosol, as opposed to ketogenesis which occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA

Front 63

regulation of main cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, HMG coa?

Back 63

glucagon increases cAMP->phosphorylation of enzyme->inhibition

insulin lowers cAMP->dephosphorylation->activation
cholesterol acts a repressor of transcription of the enzyme
also competitive inhibitors such as drugs, lovastatin which are similar to mevalonate.

Front 64

hmg-coa REG

Back 64

activation: insulin, thyroxine
inhibition: cholesterol
glucagon
oxosterol

Front 65

where is aromatase found

Back 65

ovaries and adipose tissue

Front 66

can we destroy sterane skeleton?

Back 66

no

Front 67

so how do we stop steroid hormones?

Back 67

we inactivate them by hydrogenation of the double bond of A ring

Front 68

where does inactivation of steroid hormones occur?

Back 68

liver

Front 69

how are inactivated steroid hormones carried in the blood?

Back 69

conjugation at liver with glucuronic acid or sulfuric acid
which are duly excreted in the urine