Regional Anatomy Axilla

Front 1

Q. Axilla Anterior Wall

Back 1

Pectoralis Major and Minor

Front 2

Q. Axilla Posterior Wall

Back 2

Teres Major and Lat

Front 3

Q. Axilla Medial Wall

Back 3

Serratus Anterior

Front 4

Q. Axilla Apex

Back 4

Head of humerus

Front 5

Q. Sternoclavicular Joint

Back 5

Complex joint, has meniscus

Front 6

Q. Ligaments

Back 6

Hold upper extremity onto body

Front 7

Q. Serratus Anterior

Back 7

Or: Ribs 1-8
Ins: Medial border of scapula
Act: Protracts (abducts) scapula, holds scapula against throracic wall, rotates scapula
Inner: Long Thoracic Nerve

Front 8

Q. Pectoralis Minor

Back 8

Or: Ribs 3-5
Ins: Coracoid Process of Scapula
act: Depresses scapula, rotates it inferiorly, pulls scapula anteriorly
Inner: Medial Pectoral Nerve

Front 9

Q. Subclavius

Back 9

Or; 1st Rib
Ins: Inferior surface of middle third of the clavicle
act: Draws clavicle medially
Inner: Nerve to Subclavius

Front 10

Q. Supraspinatus

Back 10

Or: Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Ins: Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
Act: Abduction of Humerus
Inner: Suprascapular Nerve

Front 11

Q. Infraspinatus

Back 11

Or: Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Ins: Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Act: Lateral rotation of humerus; common action of rotator cuff muscles
Inner: Suprascapular Nerve

Front 12

Q. Teres Minor

Back 12

Or: Lateral Border of Scapula
Ins: Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
Act: Lateral rotation of humerus
Inner: Axillary Nerve

Front 13

Q. Subscapularis

Back 13

Or: Subscapular Fossa
Ins: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Act: Medial rotation and adduction of arm
Inner: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves

Front 14

Q. Supraspinatus

Back 14

Or:supraspinous fossa
Ins: greater tubercle of the humerus
Act: abduction of arm
Inner: SUBSCAPULAR NERVE

Front 15

Q. Infraspinatus

Back 15

Or: infraspinous fossa
Ins: greater tubercle of the humerus
Act: lateral rotation of the humerus, stabilizes GH joint
Inner: SUBSCAPULAR NERVE

Front 16

Q. Subscapularis

Back 16

Or: subscapular fossa
Ins: lesser tubercle of the humerus
Act: medial rotation of the humerus, stabilizes GH joint
Iinner: Subscapular nerve

Front 17

Q. Teres Minor

Back 17

Or: middle half of scapula’s lateral margin
Ins: greater tubercle of humerus
Act: lateral rotation of humerus, stabilizes GH joint
inner: Subscapular Nerve

Front 18

Q. Biceps Brachii

Back 18

Or: long head: supraglenoid tubercle and glenohumeral labrum. short head: tip of the coaracoid process
Ins: long head: radial tuberosity. short head: bicipital aponeurosis
Act: flexes the forearm, supinates, stabilizes, flexes shoulder
Inner: musculocutaneous nerve

Front 19

Q. Brachialis

Back 19

Or: lower ½ of anterior humerus
Ins: ulnar tuberosity, slightly on the coronoid process
Act: elbow flexion
inner: musculocutaneous Nerve

Front 20

Q. Coracobrachialis

Back 20

Or: coracoid process
Ins: medial shaft of humerus
Act: flexes the humerus, assists with adduction of the humerus
Inner: musculocutaneous nerve

Front 21

Q. Triceps Brachii

Back 21

Or: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle. Lateral head: upper half of the humeral shaft
Medial head: posterior shaft of humerus, distal to radial groove and septa
Ins: Posterior surface of the olecranon process
Deep fascia of the antebrachium (forearm)
Act: Long: adducts arm, extends at shoulder, minimal elbow flexion. Lateral & Medial: extends forearm at the elbow
INNER: radial nerve

Front 22

Q. Flexor Carpi Radialis

Back 22

Or: Medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon (CFT), antebrachial fascia
Ins: base of the 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
Act: flexes the hand at the wrist, radially deviates the wrist, may assist with pronation
inner: Median Nerve

Front 23

Q. Palmaris Longus

Back 23

Or: medial epicondyle via the CFT, antebrachial fascia
Ins: central portion of flexor retinaculum, superficial portion of the palmar aponeurosis
Act: flexes the hand at the wrist
Inner: Median Nerve

Front 24

Q. Pronator Teres

Back 24

Or: Humeral head: upper portion of medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon
Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna. Antebrachial fascia
Ins: Lateral aspect of radius at the middle of the shaft
Act: pronates the forearm, weakly flexes the elbow
Inner: Median Nerve

Front 25

Q. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 25

Or: Humeral head: medial epicondyle via the CFT
Ulnar head: medial aspect of olecranon
Ins: Pisiform and hamate bones. Base of the 5th metacarpal
Act: flexes and ulnarly deviates the wrist, stabilizes wrist
Inner: Median Nerve

Front 26

Q. Flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 26

Or: Humeral/ulnar head: medial epicondyle via CFT, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: oblique line of radius along upper anterior border
Ins: both sides of the base of each middle phalanx of the 4 fingers
Act: flexes the proximal and middle phalanges, flexes the wrist if fingers are extended
Inner: Median Nerve

Front 27

Q. Flexor digitorum profundus

Back 27

O: anterior & medial surface of upper ¾ of ulna, adjacent interosseuous membrane
I: distal phalanx of medial 4 digits
A: flexes the distal IP joint and in doing so, flexes the proximal & middle IP joint, flexes the wrist if fingers are extended
inner: Ulnar Nerve

Front 28

Q. Flexor pollicis longus

Back 28

Or: middle anterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane
Ins: palmar aspect of base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (deep to flexor retinaculum)
Act: flexes distal phalanx of thumb, flexes other joints to the wrist
Inner: median Nerve

Front 29

Q. Pronator Quadratus

Back 29

Or: distal ¼ anteriomedial surface of ulna
Ins: distal ¼ anteriolateral surface of radius
Act: pronates the forearm and hand
inner: Median Nerve

Front 30

Q. Brachioradialis

Back 30

Or: upper lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Ins: styloid process of radius
Act: flexes the forearm at the elbow, pronates the forearm when supinated, supinates the forearm when pronated
Inner: Radial Nerve

Front 31

Q. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Back 31

Or: lower lateral supracondylar ridge
Ins: base of 2nd metacarpal
Act: extends and radially deviates the hand, weakly flexes and supinates the forearm
Inner: Radial Nerve

Front 32

Q. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Back 32

Or: lateral epicondyle via the common extensor tendon
Ins: base of 3rd metacarpal
Act: extends and radially deviates the hand
Inner: Radial nerve

Front 33

Q. Extensor Digitorum

Back 33

Or: lateral epicondyle
Ins: base of middle and distal phalanx of each of the four fingers
Act: extends 4 medial digits and wrist, abducts the digits
inner: radial Nerve

Front 34

Q. Extensor Digiti Minimi

Back 34

Or: lateral epicondyl via CET, antebrachial fascia, ulnar aspect of extensor digitorum
Ins: base of middle and distal phalanx of 5th digit
Act: extends and abducts the 5th digit
Inner: Radial Nerve

Front 35

Q. Anconeus

Back 35

Or: posteior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
Ins: lateral aspect of olecranon
Act: extends forearm and support elbow when in full extension
inner: Radial nerve

Front 36

Q. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 36

Or: 1st head: lateral epicondyle. 2nd head: posterior body of ulna
Antebrachial fascia
Ins: medial side of base of 5th metacarpal
Act: extends and ulnarly deviates the hand
inner: radial Nerve

Front 37

Q. Abductor pollicis longus

Back 37

Or: posterior surface of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane, antebrachial fascia
Ins: lateral aspect of base of 1st metacarpal
Act: abducts 1st MC, extends & rotates thumb, radially deviates and flexes hand
Inner: Posterior Interosseous nerve

Front 38

Q. Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Back 38

Or: posterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane, antebrachial fascia
Ins: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Act: extends proximal phalanx and 1st MC of thumb, radial deviates hand
Inner: Posterior Interosseous nerve

Front 39

Q. Extensor Pollicis Longus

Back 39

Or: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane, antebrachial fascia
Ins: distal phalanx of thumb
Act: extends distal and proximal phalanx of thumb, helps extend the hand
Inner: Posterior Interosseous nerve

Front 40

Q. Extensor Indicis

Back 40

Or: posteior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane, antebrachial fascia
Ins: base of middle and distal phalanx of index finger
Act: extends & adducts 2nd digit, helps extend hand, stabilizes MCP joint for flexion of IP solely
Inner: Posterior Interosseous nerve

Front 41

Q. Supinator

Back 41

Or: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, antebrachial fascia
Ins: proximal portion of anteriolateral surface of the radius
Act: supinates the forearm
Inner: Posterior Interosseous nerve