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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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unicellular
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An organism with a single cell
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multicellular
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An organism with many cells
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cell wall
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Found in plant cells, outer layer of cell, supports and protects
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cell membrane
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Found in plant and animal cells, controls movement of materials in and out of cell, supports and protects
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nucleus
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Contains DNA. Controls cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
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ribosome
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Contain RNA and proteins, site of protein synthesis.
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mitochondria
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“powerhouse” of the cell, produces energy through the cell, site of cellular respiration.
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vacuole
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Small cavity in cytoplasm of cell that stores fluids, food, or metabolic wastes.
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chloroplast
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Found only in plant cells. Contains chlorophyll (gives plants green color), site of photosynthesis.
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cytoplasm
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Jelly-like material that makes up the cell body. Contains organelles.
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chromosomes
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Come in pairs (except in sex cells). Consists of strands of DNA wrapped in a double helix around a core of proteins. Humans have 46 chromosomes.
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sex cells (gametes)
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Contain half the number of chromosomes (ex: humans have 23 chromosomes per sex cell). Male=sperm
Female=egg |
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meiosis
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Occurs only in sex cells.
Reduces original number of chromosomes to half. Produces 4 daughter cells. |
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mitosis
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All body cells use this form of cell division. Maintains original number of chromosomes. Produces 2 daughter cells.
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diffusion
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Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Does not require energy.
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active transport
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Movement of a substance from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration. Requires energy.
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osmosis
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Diffusion of water.
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receptor
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Site on a cell that may bind with substances such as hormones, antigens, enzymes, or other chemical substances.
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DNA
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Double-stranded chains of nucleotides twisted together into a double helix. Capable of self replication. Found in the nucleus. “Genetic code”
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RNA
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Single-stranded. Complementary to DNA strand from which it was transcribed. Plays a role in protein synthesis.
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respiration
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Oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells, and the oxidation products, carbon dioxide and water, are given off.
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reproduction
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The process by which cells and organisms produce other cells and organisms of the same kind.
-sexual= 2 parents, genetically unique -asexual= 1 parent, genetically identical |
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circulation
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The flow of fluid (ex: blood) throughout tissues
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excretion
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The elimination of waste products that result from metabolic processes.
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movement
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The action of motion
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coordination
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Harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions or parts.
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immunity
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The protection of the body from a disease caused by an infectious agent, such as a bacterium or virus. Immunity may be inherited or acquired.
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digestion
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The process by which food is broken down into compounds that can be absorbed and used as nutrients or eliminated by the body.
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