Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Power of eye at birth
|
+2 to +3 hypermetropic
|
|
|
Commonest form of hypermetropia and cause
|
Axial. Axial shortening of eyeball. Total refractive power of eye is normal.
|
|
|
Commonest clinical type
|
simple (= developmental) (includes axial and curvatural)
|
|
|
some signs of hypermetropia
|
Small eyeball
Shallow AC Pseudopapillitis Shot silk retina |
|
|
Complications of hypermetropia
|
-Recurrent styes/blepharitis/chalazion
-Accommodative convergent squint -Amblyopia -Predisposition to develop primary narrow angle glaucoma |
|
|
MCC aphakia
|
Surgical
|
|
|
Optics of aphakic eye
|
Highly hypermetropic
Total power reduced to 44 D |
|
|
Some signs of aphakia
|
Deep AC
Iridodonesis Jet black pupil Purkinje's test shows only 2 images Small disc |
|
|
Disadvantages of spectacles in aphakia correction
|
-Diplopia in unilateral aphakia due to image magnification
- Spherical and chromatic aberrations - restricted field of vision - Prismatic effect - Roving ring scotoma (jack in the box phenomenon) - Cosmetic blemish in the young |
|
|
Disadvantages of contact lenses
|
Costlier, cumbersome to wear, corneal complications may occur
|
|
|
Best method for aphakia correction
|
IOLs
|
|
|
Types of corneal surgeries in aphakia correction
|
Keratophakia
Epikeratophakia Hyperopic lasik |
|
|
Some signs of pseudophakia that differentiate it from aphakia
|
- 4 images in purkinje's image test
- Blackish pupil but shining reflexes are observed when light is thrown on the pupillary area |
|
|
Commonest etiological and clinical forms of myopia
|
Axial and simple respectively
|
|
|
Some signs in simple myopia
|
- Prominent eyeballs
- Deep AC - Large and sluggishly reacting pupils - Normal fundus - Magnitude of refractive error does not exceed 6-8 |
|
|
What are muscae volitantes and where are they seen?
|
Floating black opacities in front of the eyes. Seen in Degenerated liquified vitreous, Pathological myopia.
|
|
|
Some signs of pathological myopia
|
Prominent eyeballs
Large cornea Deep AC Large pupils with sluggish light reaction Myopic crescent on optic disc Atrophic patches at the macula with heaping up of pigment around them Foster Fuchs spots Cystoid degeneration Posterior staphyloma Liquefaction of vitreous/opacities/PVD appearing as weiss reflex Contraction of visual fields Subnormal ERG |
|
|
Complications of pathological myopia
|
-Strabismus fixed convergence
-Complicated cataract -Vitreous haemorrhage -Choroidal haemorrhage -Retinal detachment |
|
|
Principle of myopia correction
|
Minimal acceptance with maximal vision.
|
